阿富汗塔利班教育主张的演变及影响因素研究  

The Evolution of the Afghan Taliban's Educational Initiatives and Influencing Factors

作　　者：张金萍 马志超[3] Zhang Jinping;Ma Zhichao

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学文法学院 [2]太原理工大学阿富汗研究中心 [3]山西省社会科学院(省政府发展研究中心)国际问题研究所

出　　处：《南亚研究》2023年第3期131-155,160,共26页South Asian Studies

基　　金：教育部中外语言交流合作中心国别中文教育资助项目(项目批准号:21YHGB1035)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：教育是折射塔利班意识形态的棱镜。阿富汗塔利班在1994~2023年间的教育主张大致经历了反对面向女性的学校教育、公开敌视国家教育以及在审视中调整战略逐步扩大教育控制权的演变历程,其教育立场、教育政策和教育行动在不同时期呈现出阶段特点。塔利班的教育立场既无法摆脱自身意识形态的框架规范,又受到现实外部力量的夹裹制衡,其根本动机在于争夺并保护世俗的政治经济利益。在教育重建的过程中,阿富汗塔利班仍面临着内部传统的父权制意识形态与外部国际社会维护妇女权益之间的矛盾、世俗教育与宗教教育孰轻孰重的策略选择、高度本地化的教育诉求及妇女教育权益政治化等的博弈困境。阿富汗塔利班需以更多政治智慧回归教育本质方能回应国家治理的严峻挑战。Educational policy has always reflected the ideology of the Taliban.The educational initiatives of the Afghan Taliban changed significantly from 1994 to 2023,including a transition to opposing women's education in schools,to open hostility towards state education,and towards gradual expansion of its strategic control over education.The Taliban's posture,policies and initiatives vis-à-vis education exhibited distinct characteristics across different periods of time.The Taliban's position on education cannot be separated from its broader ideological norms but is also constrained by external forces.Fundamentally however,the Taliban is driven by the pursuit and protection of secular political and economic interests.As it goes about the process of reconstructing the country's educational institutions,the Afghan Taliban continues to grapple with contradictions between its traditional patriarchal ideology and the international community's promotion of women's rights,as well as between secular and religious education and highly localized educational demands and the politicization of women's educational rights.The Afghan Taliban needs to employ greater political wisdom in considering the fundamental needs of education,and in tackling serious governance issues in the country.

关 键 词：阿富汗塔利班 教育政策 妇女教育 伊斯兰教法 

分 类 号：G537.2[文化科学—教育学] D737.2[文化科学—教育技术学]