分子蒸馏技术分步法制备酶促酯交换反应的高含量ω-3 PUFA鱼油甘油酯  

Multistep Molecular Distillation for the Preparation of Glyceride-Type Fish Oil High in Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid by Enzymatic Transesterification

作　　者：沈琳洁 林荣发 张连岳 冯传志 傅红[1] SHEN Linjie;LIN Rongfa;ZHANG Lianyue;FENG Chuanzhi;FU Hong(College of Biological Science and Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学生物科学与工程学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《食品科学》2023年第20期79-86,共8页Food Science

基　　金：福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目(2021N5006);福州市科技重大项目(2021-ZD-216);福建省特种水产配合饲料重点实验室项目(TMKJZ2006)。

摘　　要：研究采用分子蒸馏技术分步法处理多级酶促鱼油酯交换反应产物,获得高含量ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)甘油酯。首先通过一级分子蒸馏分离鱼油酯交换产物中的甘油酯和副产物,当蒸馏压强5 Pa、蒸馏温度140℃、刮板转速240 r/min和进料速率0.2 mL/min时,得率为47.13%的一级重相ω-3 PUFA含量达到53.76%,高温气相色谱及核磁共振氢谱都证明一级重相不含乙酯型鱼油;其次,当蒸馏压强5 Pa、蒸馏温度110℃、刮板转速240 r/min和冷凝温度20℃时,分子蒸馏可以将一级轻相中的ω-3 PUFA含量从60.73%富集到78.01%,此一级轻相富集相参与二级酶促酯交换反应和分子蒸馏分离后,获得得率为46.23%并含有51.38%ω-3 PUFA的二级重相。若一级轻相直接参与二级酯交换反应和分离,其二级重相ω-3 PUFA含量仅为42.37%。采用多级酶促酯交换反应和多步分子蒸馏方法可以制备不同ω-3 PUFA含量等级的甘油酯型鱼油产品,并实现原料和副产物的最大化利用。The separation of glyceride fish oil high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(ω-3 PUFA)produced by multistage enzymatic transesterification was studied by multistep molecular distillation.Firstly,glycerides and by-products in the transesterification products were separated by primary molecular distillation.When the distillation pressure was 5 Pa,the distillation temperature was 140℃,the scraper speed was 240 r/min,and the feeding rate was 0.2 mL/min,the yield of the first-stage heavy phase was 47.13%and the content ofω-3 PUFA in it was 53.76%.Meanwhile,high-temperature gas chromatography(HTGC)and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen(1H-NMR)spectroscopy consistently showed that the heavy phase did not contain fish oil ethyl ester.Secondly,theω-3 PUFA content of the light phase increased from 60.73%to 78.01%by molecular distillation at a distillation pressure of 5 Pa,a distillation temperature of 110℃,a scraper speed of 240 r/min,and a condensation temperature of 20℃.After conducting secondary enzymatic transesterification reaction and molecular distillation separation on the enriched first-stage light phase,the yield of the second-stage heavy phase was 78.01%and itsω-3 PUFA content was 51.38%.When the enrichment step was omitted,the content ofω-3 PUFA in the second-stage heavy phase was only 42.37%.Multistep molecular distillation combined with multistage enzymatic transesterification can be used to prepare glyceride-type fish oil products with differentω-3 PUFA contents,with maximal utilization of raw materials and by-products.

关 键 词：酶促酯交换 分子蒸馏 鱼油 ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸 甘油酯 

分 类 号：TS228[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]