乡村教育发展生态的挑战与应对  

Challenges and Responses to the Development Ecology of Rural Education

作　　者：杨卫安[1] 袁媛[2] Yang Weian;Yuan Yuan(China Institute of Rural Education Development,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,Jilin;Kindergarten Principal Training Center of the Ministry of Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,Jilin)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学中国农村教育发展研究院,吉林长春130024 [2]东北师范大学教育部幼儿园园长培训中心,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《中国电化教育》2023年第11期1-10,共10页China Educational Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2022年度教育学一般课题“县域交流轮岗教师在流入校教育教学状况调查及优化政策研究”(课题编号:BFA220183)研究成果。

摘　　要：生态作为一种结构影响乡村教育发展。长期以来,我国对乡村教育发展采取的策略具有明显的“要素”主义倾向,未来政策研究及制定需要向生态学视角转换。当前,乡村教育发展生态面临诸多挑战,包括乡村经济社会的结构性脆弱导致对乡村教育发展支撑的“生态失能”,生源减少导致乡村学校内部发展功能的“生态失调”,脱域化发展导致乡村学校与社区、家庭关系的“生态失联”,发展不均衡导致城乡教育要素流动的“生态失衡”等。未来,需要积极推进乡村振兴战略改善教育发展的外部生态;通过联盟发展、学制创新等方式恢复小规模学校发展的内部生态;通过建立多种联结纽带实现家校社间的教育合力;通过城乡教育一体化发展机制的完善改变乡村优质教育资源净亏损的状态。Ecology as a structure affects the development of rural education.For a long time,China’s strategy for the development of rural education has a clear tendency towards“essentialism”,future policy formulation and research need to be converted to the ecological perspective.At present,the development ecology of rural education faces a lot of challenges,including the structural fragility of rural economy and society leads to the“ecological disability”supporting the development of rural education,the decrease in student resources leads to the“ecological disturbance”of the development function within rural schools,the development of delocalization leads to the“ecological disconnection”of rural schools and communities and families,uneven development leads to the“ecological imbalance”of the flow of urban and rural education elements.In the future,it is necessary to improve the external ecology of education development through the implementation of the strategy for rural revitalization;restore the internal ecology of small-scale schools’own development through alliance development and school system reform;achieve educational synergy between schools,communities and families by building bonds;through the improvement of the integrated development mechanism of urban and rural education,the net loss of rural high-quality education resources can be changed.

关 键 词：乡村教育 发展生态 挑战 教育结构 教育发展 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]