儒家如何不法家——孔子“听讼犹仁”说  

How Confucianism Is Not Legalistic:A Study of the Confucian’Saying of“ting song you ren”

作　　者：武树臣 Wu Shuchen

机构地区：[1]西北大学

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2023年第3期71-80,共10页Chinese Culture Research

摘　　要：《论语·颜渊》“听讼吾犹人也”当为“吾听讼犹仁也”。“听讼犹仁”反映了孔子的五条诉讼理念:一,两造必备,不可片言折狱;二,注重证据,杜绝无实之辞;三,法官以证据为依据做出裁判,以使诉讼双方息讼服判,回归正常生活;四,法官要时时记得民众的期盼,谨慎地做出经得起时间考验的判决;五,法官的职能不仅仅是处分违法犯罪者,而是知晓产生违法犯罪的社会原因,并努力改造之。“无讼”的境界是“至善”“平天下”,即法官以证据为依据做出裁判,以使诉讼双方息讼服判,并非轻讼抑讼贱讼和重义轻利之义。In the Chapter“Yanyuan”of The Analects of Confucius,the phrase“ting song wu you ren ye”should be read as“wu ting song you ren ye.”“Ting song you ren”reflects Confucius’s five litigation concepts.Firstly,both the plaintiff and the defendant need to be present,a suit can not be decided in a few words.Secondly,pay attention to the evidence,and put an end to the unsubstantiated words.Thirdly,the judge makes a decision based on the evidence,so that both parties in the lawsuit can terminate litigation and accept the judgment,and then return to their normal lives.Fourthly,the judge should always remember the expectations of the people and be careful to make a verdict that will stand the test of time.Fifthly,the function of the judge is not only to punish the offender,but also to know the social causes of the offense and try to reform them.The state of“no lawsuit”is“supreme goodness”and“to make peace,”that is,the judge makes a decision based on evidence,so that both sides of the lawsuit will be satisfied with the verdict.It does not mean that litigation is to be minimized or suppressed,or that righteousness is to be emphasized over profit.

关 键 词：听讼犹仁 片言折狱 无讼 至善 平天下 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]