从“旧”童年社会学到“新”童年社会学--发展与争议  

From the“Old”Sociology of Childhood to the“New”Sociology of Childhood—Development and Dispute

作　　者：郑素华[1] ZHENG Suhua(School of Child Development and Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Hangzhou 311231 China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学儿童发展与教育学院,杭州311231

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2023年第11期1-17,共17页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“国外童年社会学的当代进展研究”(项目编号:12CSG001)。

摘　　要：20世纪80年代以来,欧美社会学界掀起了一股针对儿童、童年问题的反思思潮,儿童在社会学中的隐形位置被重新审视,随之诞生出所谓“新”童年社会学。与此相应,基于社会学发展历程中儿童、童年理解的客观差异,存在一种“旧”童年社会学,儿童在其中处于隐形地位,其主要特征是儿童很少作为独立的研究单位和核心主题;关于儿童或童年知识与观念的心理学化;侧重关注问题儿童,而非正常儿童,对儿童的认知存在明显的二元论倾向。“新”童年社会学将儿童视为社会行动者,儿童的能见度得以提升,其对童年的生物论持批判态度,主张童年是社会建构的,是一种社会结构形式;秉持复数童年观(childhoods),认为童年不是单一的、普遍一致的现象;主张儿童的社会关系与儿童文化本身具有独立的存在与研究价值;在方法上强调定性方法,将儿童视为研究的参与者,注重倾听儿童的声音。对于“新”童年社会学,人们对其“儿童能动性”和“超越二元论”的理论也存在质疑,其尚未普遍形成一种认识论上的范式革命。Since the 1980s,there has been a wave of reflection on the issue of children/childhood in sociology in Europe and the United States,and the“invisible”position of children in sociology has been reexamined and a socalled“new”sociology of childhood has been born.However,if there is a“new”sociology of childhood,is there a corresponding“old”sociology of childhood?In the current study,this question has not been sufficiently clarified and explored.For this reason,this paper focuses on clarifying the main views and theoretical claims of the“old”and“new”sociologies of childhood,and discusses questions about the“new”sociology of childhood.This study helps to further understand the“new”sociology of childhood and to reflect on and advance the thinking of the domestic sociological community on the issue of children/childhood.

关 键 词：童年社会学 儿童 童年 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]