字间空格与词频对青年人和老年人阅读的影响:眼动研究  

Effects of Spacing and Word Frequency on the Reading of Young and Older Adults: An Eye Movement Study

作　　者：王敬欣[1] 赵赛男 徐倩倩 WANG Jingxin;ZHAO Sainan;XU Qianqian(Faculty of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387;Normal College,Weifang Institute of Technology,Weifang 262500)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理学部,天津300387 [2]潍坊理工学院师范学院,潍坊262500

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2023年第6期781-787,共7页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81771823)。

摘　　要：本研究利用眼动仪记录青年人和老年人在阅读插入字间空格文本时的眼动轨迹,考察字间空格的增大或减小对青年人和老年人阅读不同词频句子的影响。结果发现,增大字间空格和正常条件下的阅读时间没有显著差异,并且字间空格对高低频词的影响没有显著差异。更重要的是,相较于青年人,老年人在缩小字间空格条件下的注视时间更长。以上研究结果表明,增大字间空格对读者的阅读无显著促进或抑制作用,但是老年人对视觉特征的变化更敏感,减小字间空格会显著干扰老年人的阅读行为。An EyeLink 2000 eye-tracker recorded each participant's right-eye gaze location while they were reading inter-character spacing text.Participants were 24 young adults aged 18~26 years(M=21 years)and 24 older adults aged 65~76 years(M=66 years)from the Tianjin Normal University and community near the university.The results showed that there was no significant difference in reading time between increased inter-character spacing and normal condition,and there was no significant difference in the effect of inter-character spacing on high and low frequency words.What's more,significant interactions between age-group and spacing condition were found for average fixation durations,forward saccade length and number of forward saccade fixations.Under the condition of decreased and normal inter-character spacing,older adults had great differences in eye movements than young adults,and had longer fixation durations.Therefore,the results indicate that increase inter-character spacing had no significant influence on reading,and decrease inter-character spacing will had greater disrupt for older than young adults.It shows that older adults are more sensitive to visual changes,and visual rather than lexical processing is disrupted more for older adults.

关 键 词：字间空格 词频 汉语阅读 眼动研究 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]