学生午餐中蜡样芽孢杆菌污染状况毒力基因及耐药性分析  

Contamination status of Bacillus cereus in students′lunches and analysis on its virulence genes and drug resistance

作　　者：李雁飞[1] 郭莹 王蒋丽[1] 李彩云[1] 高雅 修俊娟 柳丽君 刘志华 LI Yanfei;GUO Ying;WANG Jiangli;LI Caiyun;GAO Ya;XIU Junjuan;LIU Lijun;LIU Zhihua(Chengde Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengde,Hebei 067000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]承德市疾病预防控制中心,河北承德067000 [2]承德市卫生健康委综合监督执法局 [3]承德县中医院

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2023年第11期1068-1071,1076,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：河北省科技支撑计划项目(15277778D);承德市科学技术研究与发展计划项目(202102A060)。

摘　　要：目的了解学生午餐中蜡样芽孢杆菌的污染情况,携带毒力基因特征以及对抗生素的耐药性。方法2021年5—9月,按照《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验蜡样芽孢杆菌检验》(GB 4789.14—2014)方法进行分离鉴定。采用荧光定量PCR方法对学生午餐中检测出的20株蜡样芽孢杆菌进行12种毒力基因检测,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感性试验。结果蜡样芽孢杆菌阳性检出率为24.39%,采集的凉拌菜、盒饭、热菜、熟制米面制品中均有检出。检测的20株蜡样芽孢杆菌中毒力基因携带率为100.00%,90.00%的菌株同时携带2种以上毒力基因,nheB携带率最高为90.00%,其次为nheC和cytK分别为65.00%和40.00%。蜡样芽孢杆菌对氯霉素、亚胺培南、环丙沙星、四环素、万古霉素、庆大霉素敏感率为100.00%,红霉素敏感率为55.00%、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑敏感率为35.00%,对克林霉素100.00%中介,对氨苄西林、青霉素100.00%耐药。结论学生午餐中存在蜡样芽孢杆菌污染情况,且毒力基因携带率高,存在引发食源性疾病风险。氯霉素、亚胺培南、环丙沙星、四环素、万古霉素、庆大霉素建议作为临床治疗用药。Objective To understand the contamination of Bacillus cereus in students′lunches,the characteristics of virulence genes and carrying the resistance to antibiotics.Methods From May to September 2021,isolation and identification were carried out according to National Standard for Food Safety Microbiological Inspection of Bacillus Cereus(GB 4789.14-2014)method.Fluorescence quantitative PCR method was used to detect 12 virulence genes of 20 strains of Bacillus cereus in students′lunch,and micro broth dilution method was applied for drug sensitivity test.Results The positive rate of Bacillus cereus was 24.39%,and it was detected in salad,boxed meals,hot dishes,and cooked rice and flour products which were collected.The carrying rate of virulence genes of 20 strains of Bacillus cereus was 100.00%,and 90.00%of the strains carried more than two virulence genes at the same time.The highest carrying rate of nheB was 90.00%,followed by nheC and cytK,which were 65.00%and 40.00%respectively.Bacillus cereus was 100.00%sensitive to chloramphenicol,imipenem,ciprofloxacin,tetracycline,vancomycin and gentamicin,55.00%sensitive to erythromycin,35.00%sensitive to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole,100.00%mediated by clindamycin,and 100.00%resistant to ampicillin and penicillin.Conclusion There is Bacillus cereus contamination in students′lunches,and the carrying rate of virulence gene is high,so there is a risk of foodborne diseases.Chloramphenicol,imipenem,ciprofloxacin,tetracycline,vancomycin and gentamicin are recommended for clinical treatment.

关 键 词：蜡样芽孢杆菌 毒力基因 药物敏感性 学生午餐 食物中毒 分析 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]