辣木营养价值及在畜禽养殖方面的应用研究进展  

Research progress on the nutritional value of Moringa oleifera and its application in livestock and poultry breeding

作　　者：罗会英[1] 金杰[1] 邓红山[1] 普天磊 范建成[1] 韩学琴[1] LUO Huiying;JIN Jie;DENG Hongshan;PU Tianlei;FAN Jiancheng;HAN Xueqin(Institute of Tropical Eco-Agricultural Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yuanmou Dry-Hot Valley Botanical Garden,Yuanmou 651300,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所/元谋干热河谷植物园,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第11期2937-2947,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项“云南农业种质资源数字化应用”(202002AA100007);2021年云南省省级发展专项资金“云南省省级特色作物种质资源圃”;2023年乡村振兴发展科技专项“云南省科技特派员项目”。

摘　　要：辣木(Moringa oleifera)是优质木本蛋白饲料,已广泛应用于家畜、家禽和水产动物饲喂中,在我国传统饲料资源日益紧张的情况下,具有广阔的开发前景。本文综述了辣木的营养成分及其在畜禽和水产动物饲喂中的效果,以期为辣木资源的深入开发利用提供参考。分析得知,辣木含有丰富的矿物质、蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素及黄酮、多酚等生物活性物质;其青贮或作为饲料添加饲喂畜禽,不仅能提高畜禽生长速度、缩短出栏时间、降低饲养成本,改善畜禽肉、蛋、奶品质,还可提高畜禽抗氧化能力、改善血液指标、提高机体免疫力。未来辣木资源开发时,需进行不同生态区辣木适应性评价,辣木机械化收获技术研制,辣木饲料精深加工技术研究,不同畜禽饲喂方法、饲料配方和饲喂效果评价,水产养殖中适宜辣木添加量确定等。Moringa oleifera is a high-quality woody protein-rich feed and is widely used to feed livestock,poultry,and aquatic animals.It has broad development prospects with the ongoing increase in the use of traditional feed resources in China.To provide a reference for the in-depth development and utilization of M.oleifera resources,the nutritional components of M.oleifera and the effects of feeding M.oleifera to livestock,poultry,and aquatic animals are reviewed in this paper.The results showed that M.oleifera is rich in minerals,proteins,amino acids,vitamins,and bioactive substances,such as flavonoids and polyphenols.M.oleifera not only increases the growth rate,shortens the slaughter time,reduces the feeding costs,and improves the quality of meat,eggs,and milk but also improves the antioxidant capacity,blood indicators,and immunity when used to feed livestock and poultry with silage or feed additives.To provide a reference for further development and utilization of M.oleifera resources,ecological adaptability evaluation,mechanized harvesting technology development,deep processing technology study,feeding methods,feed formulations,feeding effect evaluation,and the appropriate amount of M.oleifera in aquaculture need to be researched in the future.

关 键 词：辣木 营养价值 单胃动物 反刍动物 水产动物 家禽 饲喂效果 

分 类 号：S816.15[农业科学—饲料科学]