入园准备对幼儿入园适应作用机制的追踪研究  

A Longitudinal Study on the Relationship Between Preschool Readiness and Young Children's Adjustmentto Preschool Transition

作　　者：张娜[1] 王异芳[1] 徐婧涵 董朔汐 Zhang Na;Wang Yifang;Xu Jinghan;Dong Shuoxi

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学,北京100048 [2]首都师范大学学前教育学院,北京100048 [3]首都师范大学心理学院,北京100048

出　　处：《教育学术月刊》2023年第10期75-81,共7页Education Research Monthly

基　　金：全国教育规划国家一般课题“家园共育影响学前儿童情绪能力发展效果的追踪研究”(编号:BBA210040)。

摘　　要：本研究以237名3岁幼儿及其家长为研究对象,通过对家长问卷调查获得幼儿入园准备情况,通过教师现场观察对幼儿初入园一个月进行追踪,对其入园适应不同时段的表现评分,运用潜变量增长模型探究入园准备对幼儿入园适应过程的影响机制。结果表明:幼儿入园适应变化速度呈现出先快后慢的趋势,初始水平与变化速度呈负相关,初始水平和变化速度均存在显著个体差异;幼儿入园适应的初始水平和变化速度不存在性别、月龄和是否为独生子女差异;幼儿入园前生活准备中良好的作息习惯可以正向预测幼儿的入园适应初始水平和变化速度,如厕习惯可以正向预测幼儿入园适应的变化速度;幼儿入园前的消极情绪调节策略,特别是消极情绪的发泄策略负向预测幼儿入园适应的初始水平。研究为将入园准备阶段纳入学前教育体系,向前一步构建幼儿园家庭共同体的相关政策和指导意见的制定,家园共育实现幼儿入园适应稳步起航提供了实证依据。In this study,2373-year-olds and their parents were enrolled in a survey to obtain information about their preschool readiness.Through on-site observation by teachers,the children's first month of preschool was tracked,and their performance in adjustment to preschool transition in different periods was scored.The latent growth model was used to explore the impact mechanism of preschool readiness on the process of children's adjustment to preschool transition.The results showed that the rates of adjustment to preschool transition showed a trend of first fast and then slow,with a negative correlation between the initial level and the rates of change.There were significant individual differences in both initial levels and rates of change.However,no differences related to gender,age,or only-child status were found for initial levels and rates of adjustment to preschool transition.Children's pre-preschool daily habits and toilet training positively predicted initial levels and rates of adjustment.Meanwhile,negative emotion regulation strategies before entering preschool,especially venting of negative emotions,negatively predicted initial adjustment levels.The research provides empirical evidence for incorporating the preparation stage for preschool into the preschool education system,formulating relevant policies and guidance for building a preschool-family community,and achieving stable adjustment through preschool-familyco-education.

关 键 词：入园准备 入园适应 幼儿 追踪 

分 类 号：G616[文化科学—学前教育学]