辩名析理:易学“推类”所指与哲学论证模式  

Clarification of Names and Analysis of Principle:On the Meaning of Tui lei in Changes Scholarship and Its Philosophical Mode of Argumentation

作　　者：郎需瑞 LANG Xu-rui

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院,天津300350

出　　处：《周易研究》2023年第5期77-86,共10页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目:“经学视域下的‘推类’理论研究”(22CZX039)。

摘　　要：“推类”是中国古代逻辑的主导方法,学界以往研究大都借助西方逻辑方法来证成释义,然而中国古代易学逻辑“推类”有其自身的话语所指:“辩名”易学“推类”可知,“推”可以阐释为“推迁”“推移”“推荡”“推配”及“推演”等,“类”可以蠡析为“类似”“类同”“类聚”及“生之序”等,“推类”名义颇丰;“析理”易学“推类”可见,其在哲学思想论证中起到了基础性工具作用。中国古代易学哲学论证的经典模式可概括为“推天道以明人事”,这种模式可视为一种复合型“推类”模式,因隐藏在古代哲学思想之中,需进一步厘析。今天,我们应当在逻辑“共同性”与“特殊性”的辩证统一中,发掘中国古代逻辑自身的话语体系,构建学术体系与学科体系。Tui lei(lit.,reasoning based on analogy)is the dominant reasoning method in ancient Chinese scholarship on the Changes.In the past,scholars used to employ Western logic method to prove their interpretations.However,the ancient Chinese logic Tui lei has its own discourse.Through clarifying the Tui lei in Changes scholarship,it is evident that Tui can be interpreted as“tui qian”(movement resulting from pushing forward),“tui yi”(shifting resulting from pushing forward),“tui dang”(push-pull),“tui pei”(corespondence based on stimulus),“tui yan”(deduction)and so on.Lei can be interpreted as“lei si”(likeness),“lei tong”(similar),“lei ju”(things of one kind come together),“the order of life”and so on.Tui lei has rich meanings and through analysis of Tui lei in Changes scholarship,it can be seen that it plays an instrumental role in the argument of philosophical thought.The classic argumentation mode of ancient Chinese Changes-oriented philosophy can be summarized as“illuminating human affairs through interpreting the Dao of heaven”,which can be seen as a multiplex Tui lei mode.As it is hidden in ancient philosophical thoughts,it needs further analysis.In this new era,we should explore the discourse system of ancient Chinese logic itself and build an academic system and a disciplinary system in the dialectical unity of“commonality”and“particularity”of logic.

关 键 词：易学 推类 中国古代逻辑 话语体系 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]