伊藤仁斋《孟子古义》对人性论的诠释  

The Interpretation of the Theory of Human Nature in Ito Jinsai's Ancient Meaning of Mencius

作　　者：张捷[1] ZHANG Jie

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《周易研究》2023年第5期93-101,共9页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：日本江户时代初期的儒者伊藤仁斋在其《孟子古义》中认为,气质层面之性情才是道德层面之性情才的必要条件,应从已发、实然的角度论情与善恶。四端所展现的道德判断模式是一种尚未成型的形式,成熟的道德判断是一种基于人伦关系而形成的发生机制。其对于“仁内义外”的诠释正是对社会关系远近亲疏的一种界定。扩充即通过学习孔孟古典,将以道德情感为判断原则的心理结构扩大到情感与理性双重驱动的发生机制。仁斋基于“现成”思维在气质层面解释人性,消解本然之性,强调道德的公共面向,显示出公私分化的萌芽,对于现世的价值重塑具有借鉴意义。During the early Edo period(1603-1868)in Japan,the Confucian scholar Ito Jinsai(1627-1705)believed in his Ancient Meaning of Mencius that human natural tendencies and emotion on the level of temperament are the actual necessary conditions for the nature,emotion and talents on the level of virtue.He discussed emotion,good and evil from the perspective of what is manifested and actual.The moral judgment mode exhibited by the incipient four virtues is a form that is yet to be formed,while mature moral judgment is a mechanism formed based on human relationships.His interpretation of“benevolence within and righteousness outside”is precisely a definition of close or distant social relations.Expansion means the expansion from the psychological structure based on moral emotions as the judgment principle to a mechanism driven by both emotions and rationality through the study of Confucian and Mencian classics.Ito Jinsai explains human nature at the level of temperament based on his“ready-made”thought,dispels inherent nature,emphasizes the public aspect of morality,and shows the sprout of public-private differentiation,which has reference significance for reshaping the values of the present world.

关 键 词：伊藤仁斋 《孟子古义》 仁内义外 道德判断 

分 类 号：B313[哲学宗教—外国哲学]