反有组织犯罪洗钱的模式转型及义务履行  

The Transformation of Money Laundering Patterns and Obligatory Compliance in Combating Organized Crime

作　　者：蔡军[1,2] 潘智源 Cai Jun;Pan Zhiyuan

机构地区：[1]河南大学犯罪控制与刑事政策研究所,河南开封475001 [2]中山大学法学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期30-37,153,共9页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“恶势力的生成机理及其阻断机制研究”(20AFX013)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着反洗钱资源的有限性与洗钱活动的多变性之矛盾日益突出,反有组织犯罪洗钱的监管模式逐步由“规则为本”向“风险为本”转变。在“风险为本”的反洗钱监管模式下,反洗钱义务机构在反有组织犯罪洗钱的过程中,应结合有组织犯罪的犯罪特征科学地评估潜在的洗钱风险,并合理地分配监管资源。《反有组织犯罪法》中有关反洗钱规定须结合《反洗钱法》及其相关法律规范予以理解与适用。将对恶势力组织的反洗钱监管纳入反有组织犯罪洗钱的义务范围符合反有组织犯罪“打财断血”的现实需求,同时也是《反有组织犯罪法》的题中应有之义,这与《反洗钱法》的现有规定未有实际冲突。《反有组织犯罪法》对反洗钱义务机构规定了信息披露义务与财产限制义务,基于“风险为本”的反洗钱监管模式的要求,前者的履行关键在于前期落实《反洗钱法》规定的三项反洗钱核心义务;后者的履行则应注意与《反洗钱法》规定的临时冻结措施予以区分。As the contradiction between the limited resources for anti-money laundering and the increasingly varying activities of money laundering,the regulatory model for combating money laundering in organized crime has gradually shifted from being "rule-based" to " risk-based".Under the " risk-based" anti-money laundering regulatory model,obligated institutions sho uld scientifically assess potential money laundering risks in the process of combating organized crime money laundering,taking into account the criminal characteristics of organized crime,and reasonably allocate regulatory resources.The interpretation and application of the anti-money laundering provisions in the Anti-Organized Crime Law should be combined with the Anti-Money Laundering Law and relevant legal norms.Including the regulation of money laundering by criminal organizations within the scope of anti-organized crime money laundering obligations aligns with the practical need to "cut off the money flow and blood supply" of organized crime and also reflects the intent of the Anti-Organized Crime Law,without conflicting with the existing provisions of the Anti-Money Laundering Law.The Anti-Organized Crime Law imposes obligations on obligated institutions regarding information disclosure and property restrictions for anti-money laundering purposes.Based on the requirements of the "risk-based" anti-money laundering regulatory model,the key to fulfilling the former lies in the prior implementation of the three core anti-money laundering obligations stipulated in the Anti-Money Laundering Law,while the latter should be distinguished from the temporary freezing measures stipulated in the Anti-Money Laundering Law.

关 键 词：《反有组织犯罪法》 有组织犯罪 反洗钱 《反洗钱法》 “风险为本” 

分 类 号：DF792[政治法律—诉讼法学]