孤独症谱系障碍者内隐心理理论研究的新进展  

New Progress in the Study of Implicit Theory of Mind in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

作　　者：张芸瑕 康立超 高彤琪 闫国利[1] ZHANG Yunxia;KANG Lichao;GAO Tongqi;YAN Guoli(Faculty of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300387)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津师范大学心理学部,天津300387 [2]天津财经大学珠江学院,天津301811

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2023年第10期53-60,共8页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：2022年教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“学生高效率阅读的认知神经机制及干预策略研究”(课题编号:22JJD190012)。

摘　　要：内隐心理理论是指个体自发产生的、无意识地对他人心理状态的认识。已有研究探讨了内隐心理理论及其研究范式,揭示了孤独症谱系障碍个体在内隐心理理论测试中表现出的行为、眼动以及脑机制特征。根据对已有文献的梳理,文章提出,在研究中应该根据内隐心理理论研究范式的特点将几种不同的范式进行有机结合,同时加强对内隐心理理论神经机制的探索,以揭示孤独症谱系障碍个体对他人心理状态理解困难的原因。在教育实践中,应该重视个体差异,因材施教;在日常生活中多与孤独症谱系障碍个体展开与错误信念推理相关的对话,培养其内隐心理理论能力。The implicit theory of mind refers to an individual's spontaneous and unconscious understanding of the mental state of others.Previous studies have explored the theories and research paradigms of the implicit theory of mind,revealing the behavioral,eye movement,and brain mechanism characteristics exhibited by individuals with ASD in the test of implicit theory of mind.Based on a review of existing literature,the article proposes that in research,several different paradigms should be organically combined to explore implicit theory of mind based on the characteristics of research paradigms.At the same time,the exploration of the neural mechanisms of implicit theory of mind should be strengthened to reveal the reasons why individuals with ASD have difficulties in making implicit understanding of others'mental states.In addition,in the educational practice,attention should be paid to individual differences and teaching should be tailored to the individuals'needs;more dialogues with individuals with ASD with false belief reasoning should be carried out in daily life to cultivate their implicit theory of mind ability.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 内隐心理理论 错误信念 眼动追踪脑机制 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学] R749.94[哲学宗教—心理学]