孔颖达的天道观与革命论  

Kong Yingda's View of the Heavenly Dao(天道)and the Theory of Revolution

作　　者：韩宏韬[1] HAN Hongtao

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学人文学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《孔子研究》2023年第6期25-36,157,共13页Confucius Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“唐代诗经学的诗化研究”(项目编号:20BZW048)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：孔颖达主持编纂的《五经正义》以天道自然为哲学基础,重构了完整的革命论体系。其贡献主要表现在对天道观的改造和对民众力量的再发现。一方面,他弱化了天人感应的神异色彩,认为人间革命不过是宇宙变革的自然表现,论证了初唐王权更迭的必然性;另一方面,他提出天命即民心,强化了民众在历史变动中的巨大作用,提高了唐太宗对天命民心的敬畏与戒惧。孔颖达充分发掘了汤武革命刚健有为的精神,坚信人事的力量,为李唐王朝注入蓬勃向上的活力。不过,孔颖达的革命论以道德史观让位于功业史观,在某种程度上造成了终唐之世的道德失范,这是他和唐太宗所始料不及的。Wu Jing Zheng Yi,compiled under the auspices of Kong Yingda,reconstructed a complete system of revolutionary theory based on the philosophical foundation of the natural way of heaven.His contribution was mainly in the transformation of the view of the heavenly Dao and the rediscovery of the power of the people.On the one hand,he weakened the mysterious nature of interactions between heaven and mankind.He argued that earthly revolution was but a natural manifestation of cosmic change,and argued for the inevitability of the change of kingship in the early Tang Dynasty.On the other hand,he proposed that the Mandate from Heaven was actually public favor.In this way he reinforced the great role of the public in historical change,and heightened Emperor Taizong's reverence for and fear of the Mandate from Heaven and public confidence.Kong Yingda fully exploited the vigorous and promising spirits of the revolutions of Emperor Tang and Emperor Wu,and believed in the power of the people,injecting vigor and vitality into the Li Tang dynasty.However,Kong Yingda's revolutionary theory gave way to the historical view of merit with the historical view of morality,and to some extent caused the moral disorder in the whole Tang Dynasty,which he and Emperor Tang Taizong did not expect.

关 键 词：孔颖达 《五经正义》 唐太宗 天道观 革命论 

分 类 号：B241.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学]