弗朗西斯·培根与第一哲学的重构  

Francis Bacon and the Reconstruction of First Philosophy

作　　者：吴树博[1] Wu Shubo

机构地区：[1]同济大学人文学院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2023年第11期97-107,F0003,共12页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“文艺复兴哲学经典的翻译与研究”(编号22&ZD040)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：培根素以经验论者著称并为近代经验主义哲学的兴起奠定了基础。然而,这种经验主义倾向并未妨碍他对思辨哲学传统的坚持和追求;相反,培根提出了自己的第一哲学理论并为之赋予了重要地位:他把第一哲学视为一门普遍的科学并将其作为一切科学之母。同时,培根还对第一哲学的内涵进行了变革:他清除了第一哲学的神学涵义,抛弃了其存在论和实体论的维度,只保留了对最高的原理和原因的研究。具体而言,第一哲学主要探究公理以及存在者的外来〈规定〉状态,并借此为一切科学奠基。培根对第一哲学的强调和重构不仅影响了他的科学规划和建构,也使第一哲学在近代早期哲学中受到了特殊关注。Francis Bacon has always been known as an empiricist and the founder of the empirical philosophy in early modern Europe.However,this empirical inclination of his thought has never prevented him from adhering to the speculative tradition of European philosophy;instead,he explicitly formulates a special kind of first philosophy,and gives it an important status as a universal science and the mother of all sciences.But Bacon also reforms the contents of first philosophy:its theological implications have been totally swept away,its ontological as well as ousiological dimensions have been abandoned,and only its inquiries into the highest principles and causes have been preserved.Concretely speaking,first philosophy mainly studies the axioms and adventive conditions of beings.It is this kind of study that,logically speaking,lays the very foundations for all sciences.Overall,Bacon's emphasis on and reconstruction of first philosophy have deeply influenced his own conception of science and contributed to the high evaluation of first philosophy in early modern age.

关 键 词：第一哲学 公理 超越者 工具论 自然哲学 

分 类 号：B561.21[哲学宗教—外国哲学]