德国综合性大学教师教学发展:背景、策略与特征  

Faculty Instructional Development in German Universities:Background,Strategies and Characteristics

作　　者：张靖佶 吴雪萍[1] ZHANG Jingji;WU Xueping(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2023年第11期70-90,共21页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大项目“新发展阶段教育促进共同富裕研究”(项目编号:VFA220003)。

摘　　要：自19世纪以来,洪堡大学理想中“教学和科研相统一”的核心原则一直深刻影响着世界范围内现代大学的发展。作为现代大学制度的发源地,德国却面临着洪堡理念和学术职业“德国模式”相悖反的局面,大学教师对于教学和科研的认识偏颇,教学愿景与实践南辕北辙。在博洛尼亚进程的催化下,德国大学加强对教学质量提升和教师教学发展的关注,并试图通过教师教学发展促进教学质量提升以重校失衡天平。德国综合性大学通过树立研究导向的教学理念、实施能力导向的教学法培训、开发集发展和评估功能为一体的教学证书项目、推动共同体建设和完善监督评估网络等策略开展教师教学发展工作,以观念纠偏带动实践纠偏,通过构建大学教学核心理念引领教师教学发展,突出教师教学发展在学校规划愿景和教师个人职业发展中的地位,明确“研究—能力—质量”教师教学发展活动三维导向,形成了重要工具支撑的系统的教师教学发展体系。其策略选择对于我国研究型大学通过教师教学发展促进教学质量提升具有一定启示意义。Since the nineteenth century,the core principle of the Humboldt's educational ideal,the unity of research and teaching,has profoundly influenced the development of modern universities around the world.As the origin of the modern university system,the German higher education system is confronted with the contradiction between the Humboldt's belief and the"German model"of academics'orientation to research and teaching.Under the influence of the Bologna Process,the German higher education system has refocused on the improvement of teaching quality,trying to rebalance teaching and research in universities through the faculty instructional development.Guided by the concept of research-oriented teaching and learning,German universities conduct competency-based pedagogy training,develop teaching certificate programs,as well as focus on community building and improve monitoring and evaluation networks.Constructing the core university teaching concept to lead faculty instructional development,German universities clarify the three-dimensional development objectives oriented by"research-competence-quality"and formed a systematic and detailed development system,which can be seen as a good example for promoting teaching quality through faculty instructional development in research universities in China.

关 键 词：德国 综合性大学 教师教学发展 

分 类 号：G424.1[文化科学—课程与教学论] G516[文化科学—教育学]