小球藻多糖的结构与生物活性研究进展  

Progress in Research on the Structure and Activity of Polysaccharides from Chlorella

作　　者：何启煜 安子哲 陈安进[2] 王寒梅 李方圆 卢海燕 赵雪[1] HE Qiyu;AN Zizhe;CHEN Anjin;WANG Hanmei;LI Fangyuan;LU Haiyan;ZHAO Xue(SKL of Marine Food Processing&Safety Control,College of Food Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Qingdao Municipal Hospital,Qingdao 266011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,海洋食品加工与安全控制全国重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛市市立医院,山东青岛266011

出　　处：《食品科学》2023年第23期322-331,共10页Food Science

基　　金：蓝色粮仓科技创新示范项目(2020YFD0900202);山东省泰山学者计划项目(tsqn202103033)。

摘　　要：小球藻中存在多种组成和结构复杂的多糖,其主要由半乳糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、木糖和葡萄糖醛酸等多种单糖组成。多糖中存在多样的连接方式,比如α-1,6-葡萄糖、β-1,3-半乳糖、α-1,6-半乳糖、α-1,3-鼠李糖、α-1,2-鼠李糖、α-1,5-阿拉伯糖、α-1,6-甘露糖和β-1,4-木糖等,部分多糖上存在甲基化、硫酸根和乙酰化修饰。同时众多研究表明,小球藻多糖具有免疫调节、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌和调节肠道菌群等活性功能。目前主要采用单糖组成分析、甲基化结合气相色谱-质谱联用法和二维核磁共振法研究小球藻多糖的结构,解析多种小球藻多糖的单糖组成、糖苷键类型、支链取代位置和支链类型等结构特点。本文通过对不同小球藻多糖的化学组成、结构及其分析技术和生物活性进行分析总结,以期为小球藻多糖的精细结构分析和构效关系研究提供参考和依据。Chlorella contains a variety of polysaccharides with complex composition and structure,which are composed of various monosaccharides such as galactose,rhamnose,glucose,arabinose,mannose,xylose and glucuronic acid.The glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides are diverse,includingα-1,6-glucose,β-1,3-galactose,α-1,6-galactose,α-1,3-rhamnose,α-1,2-rhamnose,α-1,5-arabinose,α-1,6-mannose andβ-1,4-xylose.Some polysaccharides are modified by methylation,sulfation and acetylation.Meanwhile,many studies have shown that polysaccharides have multiple functions such as immunoregulatory,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,anti-tumor,antibacterial and intestinalflora-regulatory effects.At present,monosaccharide composition analysis,methylation combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance(2D-NMR)spectroscopy are mainly used for research on the structure of chlorella polysaccharides such as analysis of monosaccharide composition,glycosidic bond types,branch chain substitution positions and branch chain types.This review hopes to provide valuable information for thefine structural analysis and structure-activity relationship study of polysaccharides from Chlorella.

关 键 词：小球藻 多糖 活性 化学结构 

分 类 号：TS201.2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]