有无双遣与下学上达——论邹守益的工夫路径  

Not Admitting Existence or Non-existence and Studying What is Near at Hand and Aspiring to What is Lofty--On Zou Shouyi's Way of Working

作　　者：董甲河 毛莉婷[2] DONG Jiahe;MAO Liting(School of Marxism,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Student Affairs Office Mental Health Education and Counseling Center,Jiangxi Science&Technology Normal University,Nanchang 330038,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学马克思主义学院,南昌330045 [2]江西科技师范大学学生工作处心理健康教育与咨询中心,南昌330038

出　　处：《赣南师范大学学报》2024年第1期89-93,共5页Journal of Gannan Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(19YJC720013);江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目(ZX17201)。

摘　　要：邹守益在青原梦见朱子而意识到阳明后学工夫路径有下学不上达与上达不下学两种弊端。他采取有无双遣方式救弊:用“无声无臭独知时,此是乾坤万有基”纠正下学不上达,批评朱子舍心逐物之弊,主张不可滞于有,而是回到无声无臭独知,在良知的观照之下,避免义袭之学;用“不离日用常行内,直造先天未画前”纠正上达不下学,批评王畿空悟本体之弊,主张不可陷于无,而是于日用常行处做致知工夫。他由有无双遣方式救弊,最终落实于下学上达工夫路径。他纠正下学不上达之弊,有助于使学人意识到心学与俗学的差异,由俗学转向心学,为学人修行指明正道;纠正上达不下学之弊,有助于扭转学人竞谈玄虚之风。邹守益主张从下学入手致良知,是救治上达不下学与下学不上达之弊的良药,体现了高超的中道智慧,有助于阳明后学的传播。Since Zou Shouyi dreamed of Zhu Zi in Qingyuan,he realized that the way of self-cultivation of Post-Yangming School had two drawbacks:"studying what is near at hand"does not endow people with the"aspiration to what is lofty";"aspiring to what is lofty"cannot understand the"the study of what is near at hand".Zou then adopted the unique way of not admitting existence or non-existence to make a compensation:He considered"the Being"which exists before any physical things as the foundation of these things.He used this to correct the former drawback mentioned above.He also criticized Zhu Zi for his pursuing the outer Li of physical things and getting far away from one's inner mind.Zou advocated no attachment to the outer existence,rather the return to the self-knowing in the realm of non-existence in which accidental justice might be avoided under the scrutinization of one's conscience.Besides,he abided by the principle of"introspecting oneself even while practicing daily routine and observing the Being before the generating of any physical things."The principle was insisted to rectify the thought by Wang Ji that Wang entangled himself in only experiencing the metaphysical and advocated that he should not be trapped in Nothingness,but should make efforts to cultivate oneself from the daily routine.By doing this,Zou finally link up"studying what is near at hand"and"aspiration to what is lofty".The rectification on the study that only deals with"the things at hand"without noticing the"aspiration to what is lofty"helps scholars realize the difference between the study of Mind and the secular studies,pointing out the right way for scholars to practice.On the other hand,his rectification on the study that only focuses on"the aspiration to what is lofty",ignoring"the things at hand"helps to reverse the tendency of scholars to talk endlessly about metaphysics.Zou proposed the idea of starting with from the"the things at hand"find,cultivate and expand conscience,which embodies the superb wisdom of the Middle Way and is helpful

关 键 词：邹守益 下学不上达 上达不下学 有无双遣 下学上达 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]