高校拔尖创新人才培养的跨学科机制创新及启示——基于卡内基梅隆大学“智能+”的案例考察  

The Interdisciplinary Mechanism Innovation and Enlightenment of Cultivating Top Innovative Talents in Universities:Case Study Based on Carnegie Mellon University's"Smart Plus"

作　　者：田贤鹏 姜淑杰 TIAN Xianpeng;JIANG Shujie(School of Education,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122;School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097)

机构地区：[1]江南大学教育学院,无锡214122 [2]南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京210097

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2023年第23期59-67,共9页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学项目“拔尖创新人才自主培养的政策精准支持研究”(CGA230336)的部分成果。

摘　　要：随着知识生产机制的转型,面对日益复杂的问题世界,如何推动拔尖创新人才培养的跨学科机制创新成为世界各国高等教育发展面临的共同战略议题。研究基于卡内基梅隆大学“智能+”的案例考察,分析了美国高校拔尖创新人才培养的跨学科创新举措和特征逻辑。总体来看,问题导向的项目驱动和灵活多元的学位设置构成了美国高校拔尖创新人才培养跨学科机制创新的突出特征。在此背景下,卡内基梅隆大学充分发挥自身的智能教育优势,形成了三种拔尖创新人才培养的“智能+”跨学科机制创新路径:一是以校内院系间深度协作为突出特征的专业融通机制;二是以加强不同学段间关联为突出特征的学段贯通机制;三是以跨机构多元协同参与为突出特征的校际联动机制。基于美国的案例经验和启示,研究认为,拔尖创新人才培养的跨学科机制构建应促进面向“问题”与“学生”需求的多元化学位项目设置创新;贯通校内与校外、不同学段之间的协同参与和合作;深化跨越“国别”与“区域”的复合型拔尖创新人才培养机制完善。With the transformation of knowledge production models and the increasing complexity of the problem world,how to promote interdisciplinary mechanism innovation in cultivating top-notch innovative talents has become a common strategic issue faced by higher education development in various countries around the world.The study is based on a case study of Carnegie Mellon University,analyzing the interdisciplinary innovation measures and characteristic logic of cultivating"intelligent+"top innovative talents in American universities.Overall,the problem oriented project driven and flexible and diverse degree settings constitute the prominent features of the innovation in the"smart+"top-notch innovative talent cultivation model in the United States.In this context,Carnegie Mellon University has fully utilized its advantages in intelligent education and formed three innovative paths for cultivating interdisciplinary top innovative talents:firstly,a professional integration model characterized by deep collaboration between departments within the university;The second is a learning segment connection model with the prominent feature of strengthening the correlation between different segments;The third is the inter school linkage model characterized by cross institutional and diverse collaborative participation.Based on the case experience and inspiration from the United States,the study suggests that the construction of interdisciplinary mechanisms for cultivating top-notch innovative talents should promote innovation in the setting of diversified degree programs that cater to the needs of"problems"and"students";Integrate collaborative participation and cooperation between on campus and off campus,as well as between different academic stages;Deepen the improvement of the training mechanism for compound top-notch innovative talents across"countries"and"regions".

关 键 词：跨学科 拔尖创新人才培养 学位设置 项目驱动 美国 智能+ 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]