数字化背景下美国青年学徒制:实施现状、应对策略及经验启示  

American Youth Apprenticeship in the Digital Background:Implementation Status,Coping Strategies and Empirical Enlightenment

作　　者：王少勇[1] 唐晓蕾 罗文青 方晓田[1] WANG Shaoyong;TANG Xiaolei;LUO Wenqing;FANG Xiaotian(Sichuan International Studies University,Chongqing 400031)

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学,重庆400031

出　　处：《当代职业教育》2024年第1期84-93,共10页Contemporary Vocational Education

基　　金：教育部人文社科一般项目“区域民办高职院校产教社融创发展研究”(编号:20XJA880003)。

摘　　要：美国青年学徒制旨在降低青年失业率和填补企业未满足的劳动力需求,获得社会广泛支持。数字化背景下,美国青年学徒制开发了系列指导原则,形成了以职业为导向、注重公平、学分可转换、强调适应性和建立问责制等特色。同时也面临着数据收集标准与范围不明确,各利益相关主体的角色及责任不清晰,数据收集基础设施建设不完善,数据访问和存储有待进一步优化等方面的问题。美国采取了数据收集和使用以学习者为中心、开发青年学徒制数据框架、促进雇主与行业的共同参与、把职业教育与青年学徒项目联系起来、加强青年学徒制的质量评估等应对策略。这对发展中国特色学徒制提供了经验启示:现代学徒制试点学校的课程设置要强调以学生为中心,建立学徒制信息数据平台,明确学校和企业职责,建立纵向贯通的就业和升学渠道,搭建全过程综合评价平台。The American youth apprenticeship aims to reduce the youth unemployment rate and fill the unmet labor demands of enterprises,and it has been widely supported by society.Under the background of digitization,the American youth apprenticeship has developed a series of guiding principles.It is characterized by being career-oriented,focusing on equity,transferable credits,emphasizing adaptability and establishing accountability.Meanwhile,it is also faced with such problems as clarifying the standards and scope of data collection,clarifying the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders,inadequating infrastructure for data system collection,and needing for further optimisation of data access and storage.America has implemented such response strategies as learner-centered data collection and utilization,developing a data framework for youth apprenticeship,promoting the joint participation of employers and industry,linking vocational education with youth apprenticeship programs,and strengthening quality assessments for youth apprenticeship.This provides experience and enlightenment for the development of apprenticeship with Chinese characteristics:emphasizing student-centered curriculum provision in pilot schools,establishing the apprenticeship information data platform,clarifying the responsibilities of schools and enterprises,establishing vertically connected employment and education channels,and building a comprehensive evaluation platform for the whole process.

关 键 词：美国 青年学徒制 数字化 职业教育 现代学徒制 

分 类 号：G719[文化科学—职业技术教育学]