咖啡因对耐力运动员运动表现的影响:效果及机制  

Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Endurance Athletic Performance:Effects and Mechanisms

作　　者：秦启阳 陈斌[2] 郭黎 曹银行 QIN Qiyang;CHEN Bin;GUO Li;CAO Yinhang(School of Athletic Performance,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Department of Public Physical Education,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;School of Exercise and Health,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育大学竞技运动学院,上海200438 [2]福建农林大学公共体育教育部,福建福州350002 [3]上海体育大学运动健康学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育科研》2024年第1期93-103,共11页Sport Science Research

基　　金：上海体育大学校级科研项目(2022XJ020);上海市人类运动能力开发与保障重点实验室(上海体育大学)资助项目(11DZ2261100)。

摘　　要：咖啡因作为一种功能增进营养补剂,广泛应用于耐力运动员的训练和竞赛中。通过系统梳理探讨摄入咖啡因对耐力运动员计时赛、恒定负荷运动和递增负荷运动至力竭3种类型运动表现影响的相关研究,总结咖啡因对耐力运动员运动表现的影响规律,以期为我国教练员和运动员优化营养补剂方案提供理论依据。结果显示,自行车、中长跑及赛艇等耐力运动员多以胶囊形式摄入低中高剂量咖啡因(3~9 mg/kg)来提高耐力运动表现,但对于不同类型运动表现的有效剂量及作用机制存在差异。另外,咖啡因与其他营养补剂混合摄入的效果以及咖啡因不同摄入方式、性别差异、基因组别、安慰剂效应等对其功能增进效果的影响是咖啡因研究领域未来的发展方向。Caffeine is widely used as an ergogenic aid for endurance athletes during training and competition.To systematically review the effects of caffeine intake on athletic performance in time trial(TT),time to exhaustion during constant load(TTE)and graded increasing exercise test performed to exhaustion(GIT),and to summarize the effects of caffeine on endurance performance,the study attempts to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of nutritional supplement programs for coaches and athletes in China.The results show that most of endurance athletes such as cycling,long distance running,and rowing take capsules containing different doses of caffeine(3~9 mg/kg)to improve their endurance performance.However,there were differences in the effective dose and mechanism of caffeine in improving the performance.Moreover,future research is expected to be focused on the effect of caffeine mixed with other nutritional supplements and the influences of different caffeine intake doses,gender differences,genomic groups,and placebo effects on the function-enhancing effects of caffeine.

关 键 词：咖啡因 营养补剂 耐力性项目 计时赛 恒定负荷 递增负荷 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]