00后青少年群体的道德判断及其理由倾向——基于道德两难问卷的数据分析  

On the Moral Judgment and Rationale of Generation Z and Alpha—An Analysis of Data Based on the Moral Dilemma Questionnaire

作　　者：马好 马和民[1] 李强 Ma Hao;Ma Hemin;Li Qiang(Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062;Jiaxing Institute of Education,Jiaxing 314000,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学系 [2]Jiaxing Institute of Education,Jiaxing 314000,China

出　　处：《江苏大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期109-124,共16页Journal of Jiangsu University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(17BSH003)。

摘　　要：道德判断及其理由倾向的选择反映了行为者的道德发展水平。本研究依据《道德的理由》一书中探讨的道德理由观编制了道德两难问卷,重点探究00后青少年群体的道德判断及其理由倾向,研究以其父辈为参照对象,发现两代群体在道德问题的判断上一致倾向于功利主义和利他主义的道德理由,且都不太认同将相对主义和责任伦理作为道德判断的理由。相较而言,00后比父辈较少倾向于利他主义、国家主义、绝对主义以及功利主义,但较多倾向于个人主义和相对主义。尽管如此,社会取向的道德理由在00后的道德观念中仍占主导地位。为进一步提高00后青少年群体的道德发展水平,学校道德教育应进一步深化集体主义内涵,倡导个人与集体的辩证统一;树立底线思维,坚守公平正义的道德价值观;强化责任教育,促进利他主义行为生发。The choice of moral judgment and the rationale behind reflect the level of an individual s moral development.The present study developed a moral dilemma questionnaire based on the view of moral justification discussed in The Reason for Morality,focusing on the moral judgment and the rationale behind of the Generation Z and Alpha.Taking their fathers as the reference object,the study found that the youngsters and their elders are unanimously drawn to utilitarianism and altruism in their judgment of moral issues,and both groups are less likely to agree with relativism and the ethics of responsibility as the reasons for moral judgment.In contrast,the Generation Z and Alpha were less drawn toward altruism,statism,absolutism,and utilitarianism than their parents,but more drawn toward individualism and relativism.Nonetheless,socially oriented moral reasons still dominate the moral concepts of the Generation Z and Alpha.In order to further improve their moral development,we should advocate collectivism in moral education to achieve a dialectical unity of the individual and the collective,establish a bottom-line mentality,adhere to the moral values of fairness and justice,and teach them to shoulder responsibility so as to promote the rise of altruistic behaviors.

关 键 词：道德判断 道德理由 道德两难 道德发展水平 00后青少年 道德教育 

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