基于线结构光扫描的工件高精度三维测量方法  

High-precision three-dimensional measurement method of workpiece based on line-structured light scanning

作　　者：洪汉玉[1] 吴裕强 叶亮 邵洋 HONG Hanyu;WU Yuqiang;YE Liang;SHAO Yang(School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学电气信息学院,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《武汉工程大学学报》2024年第1期66-71,共6页Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62171329);武汉市知识创新专项项目(2023010201010143)。

摘　　要：为了提高工业中对复杂轮廓工件的测量精度和效率,设计了一套高精度非接触三维测量系统,并提出了一种基于线结构光扫描的工件轮廓三维测量方法。首先,利用高精度相机和三轴移动平台采集线结构光图像。然后,通过基于差分区间的灰度质心算法,精确而高效地提取出线结构光中心线,并生成原始点云模型。接着,对采集到的点云数据进行必要的点云滤波和精简预处理。最后,将预处理后的点云数据与CAD模型精确配准,进行工件表面轮廓的测量与误差评定。实验结果表明:测量工件轮廓高度的绝对误差小于0.07 mm,相对误差小于0.5%。所提出的三维测量系统及方法测量误差较低,能够实现工件的高精度三维测量,具有一定的工业应用价值。To improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency of complex contour of workpieces in industry,we designed a high-precision non-contact three-dimensional measurement system and proposed a three-dimensional measurement method for workpiece profiles based on line-structured light scanning.First,high-precision cameras and a three-axis moving platform were utilized to acquire line-structured light images.Subsequently,we proposed a grayscale centroid algorithm based on differential intervals to accurately and efficiently extract the centerline of the line-structured light and generate raw point cloud data.Next,the essential preprocessing of this point cloud data was conducted through filtering and simplification.Finally,the preprocessed point cloud data was precisely registered with the computer aided diagnosis model to perform measurement and error assessment of the workpiece surface profile.Experimental results demonstrate that the absolute errors of the measured workpiece profile height are less than 0.07 mm,with relative errors in 0.5%.The proposed three-dimensional measurement system and its associated methodology reduce measurement errors and achieve high-precision three-dimensional measurement of workpieces,providing significant industrial application value.

关 键 词：线结构光 点云处理 三维测量 轮廓误差 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]