高速列车尾车垂向偏置对列车气动性能影响  

Effect of vertical offset of the tail car on the aerodynamic performance of a high-speed train

作　　者：张洁[1,2,3] 黄天祥 盖杰 韩帅[1,2,3] 黄凤仪 高广军 ZHANG Jie;HUANG Tianxiang;GAI Jie;HAN Shuai;HUANG Fengyi;GAO Guangjun(The State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National Rail Vehicle Engineering R&D Center,CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]中南大学轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075 [4]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国家轨道客车工程研究中心,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第2期465-475,共11页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFF0304103-03);国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(P2021J037,P2019J023)。

摘　　要：在长期的高速列车运营过程中,极易形成前后车辆的不同形式偏置,造成列车气动性能改变,甚至可能引发行车平稳性问题,极大影响乘坐舒适性和安全性。以高速列车尾车作为研究对象,探究尾车上下偏置时,高速列车尾部流场变化以及气动特性。基于SST k-ω双方程湍流模型,采用数值仿真方法研究了350 km/h高速列车尾车无偏置、尾车下降20 mm、尾车下降40 mm、尾车下降60 mm、尾车上升20 mm、尾车上升40 mm以及尾车上升60 mm 7种工况下列车的气动性能,分析高速列车气动阻力的变化规律,揭示了不同垂向位移下高速列车尾部流场特性以及列车表面压力分布情况。研究结果表明:高速列车尾部垂向位移对列车整体气动阻力影响较小,但对高速列车气动阻力分布以及流场特性造成一定影响。当尾车偏置位移达到60 mm时,列车车体气动阻力相对于无偏置工况分别降低了-1.11%和2.64%,转向架气动阻力相对无偏置情况下分别降低了11.35%和-17.43%。此外,尾车偏置对列车近尾流区域流场结构有一定影响,尾车鼻锥下方排障器周围漩涡结构由双漩涡结构向单漩涡结构转变;鼻尖处漩涡结构随着尾车高度下降而增大,随着尾车高度上升而逐渐变小。本研究结果丰富了列车尾部偏置情况下的相关研究,对列车检修以及CR450高速列车设计等具有重要指导意义。In the long-term operation of high-speed trains,it is prone to generate different forms of offsets between the adjacent cars,resulting in changes in the train aerodynamic performance and may even cause stability issues,which greatly affects the ride comfort and safety of trains.The current study adopted the tail car of a high-speed train as the research object,and explored the changes in the flow field and aerodynamic characteristics of the tail car when it is subjected to vertical offsets.Based on the SST k-ωdouble-equation turbulence model,seven cases with no vertical offset,20 mm down offset,40 mm down offset,60 mm down offset,20 mm up offset,40 mm up offset,and 60 mm up offset,were simulated at the train speed of 350 km/h to investigate the train aerodynamic performance,to analyze the change law of the aerodynamic drag of the highspeed train,and to reveal the wake flow characteristics of the high-speed train and the pressure distribution on the train surface,respectively.The results show that the vertical offset of the tail car has a small effect on the total aerodynamic drag of the high-speed train,but it has a certain impact on the distribution of aerodynamic drag and the flow field characteristics of the high-speed train.When the vertical offset of the tail car reaches 60 mm,the aerodynamic drag of the train body is reduced by−1.11%and 2.64%,and the aerodynamic drag of bogies is reduced by 11.35%and−17.43%,respectively,as compared to the case without any vertical offset.In addition,the vertical offset of the tail car has a certain impact on the near wake structure of the train.The vortex structure around the cowcatcher and below the tail nose changes from a double-vortex structure to a single-vortex structure.The vortex structure close to the nose tip becomes larger with the down offset increasing,while it’s gradually smaller as the tail car moves up.The results of this study enrich the research on the aerodynamic characteristics of the tail car offset,and have important guiding significance for the

关 键 词：高速列车 尾车偏置 尾部流场 气动性能 

分 类 号：U27[机械工程—车辆工程]