迈向元治理:核心素养导向下的教育治理模式比较——基于对中国、美国和芬兰的考察  

Towards Meta-governance:A Comparative Study of Key-competency-based Education Governance Models in China,the United States,and Finland

作　　者：邓莉[1] 蒋帆 DENG Li;JIANG Fan(Institute of International and Comparative Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062;Department of Education Management,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学教育管理学系,上海200062

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2023年第24期19-30,共12页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社科基金青年课题“中美竞争背景下美国教育战略及中国应对研究”(CDA220273)的部分成果。

摘　　要：基于核心素养的教育改革是世界各国增强教育竞争力、提升国民素质的共同行动。中国、美国和芬兰三个国家作为改革的典型代表,其治理模式的不同也导致了三种改革方式在各自国家中的认可接受度不同。中国的层级治理模式在政府主导、自上而下的执行中路径清晰且推广迅速,但部分行动者的象征性执行以及对改革的潜在抵制导致政策执行阻滞;美国的市场治理模式在企业为主、自下而上的主动生发过程中充满创新与活力,但缺乏强有力的政治承诺且带有逐利性;芬兰的网络治理模式通过上下互动、信任与协作,充分发挥利益相关者的能动作用以增进改革共识,但其有效性依赖社会的高信任度文化和主体间的信任支撑,故而具有较高的协调难度和时间成本,且过程管理中存在不足。元治理作为层级、市场和网络治理的混合体,可以结合三种治理模式的优势、克服单一治理模式的缺陷,并确保政府的指挥和控制权,因此,本文提出将元治理作为我国未来核心素养导向下教育治理中可考虑的一种理想模式,以推进基于核心素养的教育改革的有效落实。Key-competency-based education reform has become a widespread initiative for countries worldwide to enhance educational competitiveness and improve the quality of their citizens.China,the United States,and Finland,as representatives countries in the reform efforts,have adopted different governance models,leading to varying degrees of acceptance of the three reform approaches within their respective nations.China employs a hierarchical governance model led by the government,with a clear and rapid top-down implementation path.However,symbolic implementation by certain actors and potential resistance to reform have hindered policy implementation.The United States adopts a market governance model characterized by innovation and dynamism through enterprise-driven bottom-up initiative.However,it lacks strong political commitment and tends to be profitoriented.The Finnish model of network governance fully utilizes stakeholder action to promote consensus for reform through upward and downward interaction,trust and collaboration.However,its effectiveness relies on a high-trust culture and mutual trust between actors,which leads to increased coordination challenges and higher time costs,along with process management deficiencies.Metagovernance,blending hierarchical,market,and network governance,merges the benefits of these three models,addresses their individual limitations,and ensures government command and control.Therefore,this paper proposes meta-governance as an ideal model that can be considered for future key-competency-based education governance in China to promote the effective implementation of key-competency-based education reform.

关 键 词：核心素养 教育改革 层级治理 市场治理 网络治理 元治理 

分 类 号：G511[文化科学—教育学]