基于问题导向的物理化学实验项目设计与改进——以液体表面张力测定为例  

Design and Improvement of Physicochemical Experiments Based on Problem-Oriented Learning:a Case Study of Liquid Surface Tension Measurement

作　　者：张永民 郭爽 朱明月 刘梦辉 李思侬 Yongmin Zhang;Shuang Guo;Mingyue Zhu;Menghui Liu;Sinong Li(School of Chemical&Materials Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,Jiangsu Province,China.)

机构地区：[1]江南大学化学与材料工程学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《大学化学》2024年第2期21-27,共7页University Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22072058,21503094);国家级一流本科课程“物理化学”项目;江南大学教改项目(JG2021131)。

摘　　要：以日常生活现象(洗衣时的白色絮凝物)为切入点,通过问题导向,引导学生自主设计实验。将表面张力的测量融入探究生活现象背后化学原理的过程中,综合运用多种技术手段,建立“发现问题-探索实践-回归课本”的探索型实验模式,从而巩固学生对胶体与界面化学知识点的理解。改进后的实验内容更丰富,挑战度更高,综合性更强,趣味性更浓,有利于培养学生分析和解决问题的能力,能更好地培养学生的探究性思维。此外,本实验安全性较高,易于操作,对设备无特殊要求,非常适合本科教学实验。The purpose of this project is to guide students in independently designing experiments based on problemoriented approach,taking a commonplace phenomenon(white flocs formed during laundry)as the starting point.The measurement of surface tension is integrated into the process of exploring the underlying chemical principles of daily life phenomena,and an exploratory experimental model that follows a“problem identification-practical explorationtextbook consolidation”framework is established by combining a diverse array of techniques,thereby reinforcing the students’understanding of colloid and interface chemistry.The revised experiment offers richer content,greater challenges,enhanced comprehensiveness,and increased engagement,effectively fostering students’abilities to analyze and solve problems and nurturing their inquisitive thinking.Furthermore,this experiment ensures a high degree of safety,ease of operation,and requires no specialized equipment,making it highly suitable for undergraduate instructional labs.

关 键 词：物理化学实验 胶体与界面化学 氯化钙 表面活性剂 表面张力 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学] O6[文化科学—教育学]