基于自适应滑模观测器的氢燃料电池空气供应系统泄露故障容错控制  

Fault Tolerant Control of PEMFC Air Supply System Based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer

作　　者：韩国鹏 詹天旸 戴朝华[2] 刘卓[2] 张杲 谢卓峰 陈维荣[2] HAN Guopeng;ZHAN Tianyang;DAI Chaohua;LIU Zhuo;ZHANG Gao;XIE Zhuofeng;CHEN Weirong(CRRC Tangshan Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan 063035,Hebei Province,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611730,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中车唐山机车车辆有限公司,河北省唐山市063035 [2]西南交通大学电气工程学院,四川省成都市611730

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2024年第5期1848-1859,I0015,共13页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52077180);中车十四五重大专项(2021CXZ021-4)。

摘　　要：空气泄漏是质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)系统中常出现的一类故障,并且发生概率会随着系统运行时间的增加而逐渐增大,直接影响PEMFC的性能。为此,提出基于自适应滑模观测器(adaptive slide mode observer,ASMO)的容错控制策略。首先采用观测器实现泄露故障下流量重构,通过主动容错控制器调节空压机的供给流量,补偿泄漏的空气流量。同时,设计一种背压阀开度的迭代调节算法用于控制供气压力,保证稳定、合适空气供应,避免电堆出现“氧饥饿”现象。最后,基于模型在环平台对观测器以及容错控制策略进行验证与分析,结果表明:ASMO拥有比传统滑模观测器更好的收敛速度和估计精度;采用基于ASMO的容错控制策略后,系统能够在故障后恢复正常的空气供应,提高了系统整体可靠性。Air leakage is a common fault in proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) system,and the occurrence probability will gradually increase with the increase of system running time.This kind of fault will directly affect the performance of PEMFC.Therefore,a fault-tolerant control strategy based on adaptive slide mode observer(ASMO) is proposed.The leakage of the air compressor is compensated by the reconstruction of the air flow observer.At the same time,an iterative adjustment algorithm of the opening of the back pressure valve is designed to control the air supply pressure,ensure a stable and appropriate air supply,and avoid the phenomenon of “oxygen starvation” in the stack.Finally,the observer and fault-tolerant control strategy are verified and analyzed on the model in the loop(MIL) platform.The results show that the adaptive sliding mode observer has better convergence speed and estimation accuracy than the traditional sliding mode observer.After adopting the fault-tolerant control strategy based on adaptive sliding mode observer,the system can restore the normal air supply after fault,and improve the overall reliability of the system.

关 键 词：质子交换膜燃料电池 空气供应系统 自适应滑模观测器 容错控制 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]