微生物合成乳酸的细胞工厂构建研究进展  

Research advances on the construction of cell factory for microbial synthesis of lactic acid

作　　者：王晓娜[1,2] 田开仁 吴昊 寇佳祥[3] 乔建军 李艳妮[1,2] WANG Xiaona;TIAN Kairen;WU Hao;KOU Jiaxiang;QIAO Jianjun;LI Yanni(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University(Shaoxing),Shaoxing 312300,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300072 [2]系统生物工程教育部重点实验室,天津300072 [3]天津大学浙江研究院(绍兴),浙江绍兴312300

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2024年第5期317-325,共9页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFA0904104)。

摘　　要：乳酸目前广泛应用于食品、医疗和化妆品行业,并因其作为可生物降解塑料聚乳酸的原料而备受关注。微生物发酵合成乳酸具有光学纯度高和底物成本低等优点,因此,研究人员利用合成生物学和代谢工程技术构建了新型微生物细胞工厂,以实现乳酸的高效合成。在此过程中,代谢通路的构建与优化、氧化还原平衡的调节、底物谱的拓宽以及细胞工厂鲁棒性的提高等方面是需要考虑的关键问题。文章详细介绍了微生物合成乳酸的细胞工厂构建研究进展,并对当前面临的挑战和未来的研究方向进行了探讨,旨在为工业微生物高效合成乳酸提供借鉴。Lactic acid is widely used in the food,medical,and cosmetic industries,and has gained attention as a raw material for bi-odegradable plastic polylactic acid.Microbial synthesis of lactic acid offers advantages such as high optical purity and low substrate cost.Therefore,researchers have utilized synthetic biology and metabolic engineering techniques to construct novel microbial cell factories capa-ble of efficient lactic acid synthesis.During this process,the construction and optimization of metabolic pathways,regulation of redox bal-ance,broadening of substrate spectrum,and improvement of cell factory robustness are key issues that need to be considered.In this re-view,a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the construction of lactic acid synthesis microbial cell factory is provided.Further-more,the current challenges and future research directions are explored,aiming to provide guidance for the efficient synthesis of lactic acid by industrial microorganisms.

关 键 词：乳酸 微生物细胞工厂 合成生物学 代谢工程 鲁棒性 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]