美国教育发展战略的时代特征与基本逻辑:从美苏冷战到中美竞争  

The Epochal Characteristics and Fundamental Logic of U.S.Education Development Strategy:From the Cold War to U.S.-China Competition

作　　者：邓莉[1] 陈丽莎 王超男 DEND Li;CHEN Lisha;WANG Chaonan(Institute of International and Comparative Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2024年第2期21-38,共18页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题“中美竞争背景下美国教育战略及中国应对研究”(项目编号:CDA220273)。

摘　　要：教育安全国家将教育战略规划纳入国家经济和军事战略规划,通过提升人力资本和塑造意识形态两条路径,将科学、数学和意识形态的教学置于学校课程中心。美国作为典型的“教育安全国家”,在不同的大国竞争时期,其教育发展战略具有不同的时代特征,在美苏冷战时期,注重通过教育助力其与苏联展开意识形态和军事领域的竞争;在中美竞争时期,侧重于帮助其保持全球霸主地位和遏制中国发展,其内容与手段也有所变化,且更为重视人力资本的提升。但美国的教育发展战略也体现出了基本逻辑,即通过STEM教育、关键外语教育等战略提升人力资本,通过公民教育与美国历史教育、国际教育战略等手段塑造意识形态,以实现其赋能国家竞争力提升和维护国家安全的目的。The educational security state integrates educational strategic planning into national economic and military strategies.It places science,mathematics,and ideology teaching at the center of the school curriculum through two paths:human capital enhancement and ideology shaping.The United States,as a typical"educational security state",exhibits different epochal characteristics in its educational development strategy during various periods of major power competition.During the U.S.-Soviet Cold War,the U.S.education development strategy focused more on education to help the U.S.compete with the Soviet Union in the ideological and military fields.In the period of Sino-American competition,the U.S.educational development strategy focused more on helping it maintain its global hegemony and containing China's development,and its content and means also changed,with more emphasis on the enhancement of human capital.However,the educational development strategy of the United States also reflects a fundamental logic,namely,to enhance human capital through STEM education,key foreign language education and other strategies,and to shape ideology through civic education and U.S.history education,and international education strategies,in order to achieve its empowerment and to maintain national security,national competitiveness and the maintenance of national security.

关 键 词：教育安全国家 美国教育发展战略 大国竞争 人力资本 意识形态 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理] G712[文化科学—教育学]