人工智能写作与文学创作主体性问题反思  

Reflection on the Subjectivity of Literary Creation in the Context of Artificial Intelligence W riting

作　　者：杨宁 YANG Ning(College of Liberal Arts,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学文学院,北京100081

出　　处：《广州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期25-34,共10页Journal of Guangzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：中央民族大学青年教师科研能力提升计划项目(2023QNTS07)。

摘　　要：随着近年来人工智能的发展,关于其是否会取代人类作家的讨论日益增多。与二十多年前希利斯·米勒提出的“文学终结论”相比,人工智能给文学创作带来的挑战堪称一次新的“文学终结论”,它直接关涉到文学创作主体的本质和地位问题。目前,学界对于人工智能写作持两种不同态度,体现了人类中心主义与反人类中心主义、主体性与反主体性的二元思维方式。事实上,讨论人工智能写作主体性问题应该摒弃这种二元思维方式,重新回归到对文学创作论的反思上来。传统文论将创作主体视为作者情感思想的表达和语言能力的呈现,但人工智能的出现为理解创作主体性提供了新视角。从创作原理角度看,思维与语言的同构性使人工智能写作具有了“准主体”性;从审美意蕴角度看,人工智能揭示出审美的公共性问题,为理解文学创作主体带来新的可能。With the development of artificial intelligence in recent years,there has been increasing discussion about whether it will replace human writers.Compared to the"End of Literature"theory pro-posed by Hillis Miller twenty years ago,the challenges that artificial intelligence brings to literary crea-tion can be regarded as a new"End of Literature"theory,directly related to the nature and status of the literary creation subject.At present,academia holds two different positions on AI writing,reflecting the dualistic thinking framework of anthropocentrism vs.anti-anthropocentrism and subjectivity vs.anti-sub-jectivity.In fact,when discussing the subjectivity of AI writing,we should abandon this binary way of thinking and return to the reflection on the theories of literary creation.Traditionally,literary theories re-gard the creative subjectivity as the expression of the authors′emotional thoughts and the presentation of their language ability,but the emergence of artificial intelligence provides a new method to understand the creative subjectivity.From the perspective of literary creation principles,the isomorphism of thinking and language makes artificial intelligence writing"quasi-subjective".From the perspective of aesthetic connotation,artificial intelligence reveals the public issues of aesthetics and brings new possibilities for understanding the subject of literary creation.

关 键 词：人工智能 文学终结论 创作主体 人类中心主义 作者之死 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]