不同贮藏时间对紫花苜蓿干草营养品质和氨基酸的影响  

Effects of different storage times on the nutritional quality and amino acid profile of alfalfa hay

作　　者：珠娜 王志军 郝百贺 赵牧其尔 包健 意如乐 格根图 Zhu’na;WANG Zhijun;HAO Baihe;ZHAO Muqier;BAO Jian;Yirule;Gegentu(College of Grassland,Resource and Environmental,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation Processing and Higher Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agricultural,Hohhot 010019,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院/农业农村部饲草栽培、加工与高效利用重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第3期750-761,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1300800);苜蓿“双增双提”加工利用与贮藏关键技术研究与示范(RZ2100001204)。

摘　　要：以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)‘Bara310SC’为试验材料,于初花期刈割收获后调制成干草;分别在贮藏30、60、90、120 d时测定营养品质和氨基酸组成,研究苜蓿干草在贮藏过程中营养物质含量和氨基酸的动态变化特征,并进行综合评价。结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,苜蓿干草的营养品质呈现下降的趋势;粗蛋白(CP)含量、相对饲喂价值(RFV)逐渐降低,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、粗灰分(Ash)含量则逐渐上升。此外,苜蓿干草中共检测出17种氨基酸,氨基酸含量随贮藏时间的延长而降低;总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量随贮藏时间的延长不断降低。功能氨基酸含量随贮藏时间的延长而降低。贮藏30 d后其氨基酸比值系数最高。粗蛋白含量与脯氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸含量显著正相关(P<0.05),与丙氨酸、胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸含量极显著正相关(P<0.01),各氨基酸组成之间具有复杂的相关性。苜蓿干草营养品质综合评价发现,贮藏30 d的干草品质最好。研究结果表明,苜蓿干草随贮藏时间的延长,其品质呈降低趋势。为保证苜蓿干草品质,减少营养物质损失,应尽量在30 d贮藏时间内饲喂家畜,从而取得良好的饲喂效果。The purpose of this study was to determine and comprehensively evaluate the dynamic changes in nutrient contents and composition of amino acids in alfalfa hay during storage.We used‘Bara310SC’as the experimental material to prepare hay after harvest at the early flowering stage,and determined the nutritional quality and amino acid compositions after 30,60,90,and 120 days of storage.The results revealed that the nutritional quality of alfalfa hay declined with an increase in storage time.Whereas the content of crude protein and relative feeding value of alfalfa hay declined gradually over time,the contents of acid detergent fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and crude ash underwent a gradual increase.In addition,we detected 17 types of amino acids in alfalfa hay,and found that the contents of these amino acids declined with an increase of storage time.The contents of total amino acids,essential amino acids,and non-essential amino acids all declined with an increase in storage time,as did the contents of functional amino acids.Furthermore,we established that the ratio coefficient of amino acids was highest after 30 days of storage.In addition,the content of crude protein was found to be positively correlated with that of proline,isoleucine,leucine,tyrosine,histidine,and arginine(P<0.05),and was highly positively correlated with alanine,cystine,phenylalanine,and lysine(P<0.01).Moreover,we identified a more complex correlation among the compositions of amino acids.Combined with the membership function analysis method of fuzzy mathematics,we established that the best quality hay was that which had been stored for 30 days.In conclusion,the quality of alfalfa hay was found to decline with an increase in storage time.Therefore,to ensure a desirable quality of alfalfa hay to feed livestock and to reduce the loss of nutrients,the storage time should,as far as possible,be limited to within 30 days,to achieve efficient feeding results.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 干草 贮藏时间 氨基酸 营养品质 相对饲喂价值 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]