大球盖菇腐败真菌的分离、鉴定及生长特性研究  

Isolation,Identification and Growth Characteristics of Spoilage Fungi from Stropharia rugosoannulata

作　　者：刘鑫燕 李占峰 彭帮柱[1] LIU Xinyan;LI Zhanfeng;PENG Bangzhu(College of Food Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430000,China;Luohe Weikang Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Luohe 462300,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学食品科学技术学院,湖北武汉430000 [2]漯河微康生物科技有限公司,河南漯河462300

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2024年第9期131-139,共9页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划(2021BBA092)。

摘　　要：目的:为避免微生物生长引起的大球盖菇褐变和腐败,亟待开展大球盖菇腐败菌种类的相关研究,并为探究贮藏保鲜技术提供理论依据。方法:对大球盖菇的腐败菌进行分离、纯化,通过致腐性分析筛选出优势腐败菌并对其进行形态学鉴定、分子生物学鉴定及生长特性研究。结果:分离得到镰刀菌属16株、曲霉属14株,根霉属4株。通过致腐性分析筛选出四种致腐性强的腐败菌,经形态学和分子生物学手段鉴定其分别为假嗜花镰刀菌(Fusarium pseudoanthophilum)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、单孢根霉菌(Rhizopus azygosporus)和产紫蓝状菌(Talaromyces purpureogenus)。对四种腐败菌的生长特性进行分析,发现其最适生长温度为25~28℃。温度为4~10℃和35~55℃时腐败菌生长缓慢,60℃时腐败菌无法生长。其最适生长pH为7.0左右,pH为13.0时腐败菌无法生长。结论:大球盖菇采后贮藏在低温和适当的碱性环境可抑制腐败菌的生长繁殖,利于大球盖菇贮藏保鲜。Objective:To avoid browning and spoilage caused by microbial growth,there is an urgent need to carry out researches related to the spoilage species of Stropharia rugosoannulata,and to provide a theoretical basis for exploring storage and preservation techniques.Methods:The spoilage fungi of S.rugosoannulata were isolated and purified,and the dominant spoilage fungi were selected by corrosivity analysis and identified by morphology and molecular biology methods.Results:The spoilage fungi from S.rugosoannulata were carried out to 16 strains of Fusarium,14 strains of Aspergillus and 4 strains of Rhizopus among them.Four decay-causing fungi were selected to have a rot-causing effect,and identified by morphology and molecular biology as Fusarium pseudoanthophilum,Aspergillus niger,Rhizopus azygosporus and Talaromyces purpureogenus,respectively.The growth characteristics showed that the optimal temperature was 25~28℃.The spoilage fungi grew slowly with the temperature of 4~10℃and 35~60℃,and the lethal temperature was 60℃.The optimal pH was about 7.0 and the spoilage fungi could not grow when the pH was 13.0.Conclusion:Post-harvest storage at low temperature and suitable alkaline environment could inhibit the growth and reproduction of spoilage fungi,which was conducive to the storage and preservation of S.rugosoannulata.

关 键 词：大球盖菇 腐败菌 分离 鉴定 

分 类 号：TS255[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]