基于新型旋转-直线往复机构的切片机设计分析及参数优化  

Design and Parameter Optimization of Slicing Machines Based on New Rotary-straight Line Reciprocating Mechanisms

作　　者：胡福清 孙江宏[1,2] 孙英杰 孙雨彤 马超[1,3] 周福强 HU Fuqing;SUN Jianghong;SUN Yingjie;SUN Yutong;MA Chao;ZHOU Fuqiang(School of Mechanical Electrical Engineering,Beijing Information Science&Technology University,Beijing,100192;Institute of Mechatronic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084;Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement and Control Technology,Ministry of Education,Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Beijing,100192)

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学机电工程学院,北京100192 [2]清华大学机械电子工程研究所,北京100084 [3]北京信息科技大学现代测控技术教育部重点实验室,北京100192

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2024年第4期614-623,635,共11页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重大科学仪器专项(2014YQ24044504);2019年产业技术基础公共服务平台项目(0714EMTC000898)。

摘　　要：针对现有糕点切片机切片效率和质量低下的问题,进行基于新型旋转-直线往复机构的切片机设计分析及参数优化。首先对切片机构型设计及椭圆导轨长短径比和转速进行计算,然后进行运动学和静力学分析,接着分别在不同长短径比和转速动力学仿真分析基础上,构建切刀的加速度均值和均方根值三次多项式拟合方程作为目标函数,利用NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法进行长短径多目标参数优化及转速择优,最后搭建样机完成不同转速对比实验及玉米饼切片性能测试。结果表明,最优长短径和转速分别为190 mm、120 mm和20 r/min,优化后切刀效率提高75%,切刀进刀加速度的最大和平均误差分别减小26%和49%,退刀加速度的最大和平均误差分别减小60%和63%,玉米饼切面整齐美观,验证了设计的可行性。Aiming at the problems of low slicing efficiency and quality of the existing pastry slicing machines,the design analysis and parameter optimization of a slicing machine was carried out based on the new rotary-linear reciprocating mechanisms.Firstly,the design of the slicing mechanisms and the calculation of the length-diameter ratio and speed of the elliptical guide rail was carried out.Secondly,the kinematics and the statics analyses were carried out,then,based on the simulation analysis of different aspect ratios and rotational speed dynamics,the cubic polynomial fitting equation of the mean and root mean square value of the cutter acceleration was constructed as the objective function.The NSGA-Ⅱgenetic algorithm was used to optimize the long and short diameter multi-objective parameters,and the rotational speed was selected.Finally,a prototype was built to complete the comparative experiments of different speeds and the performance tests of corn cake slices.The results show that the optimal long and short diameters and rotation speeds are as 190 mm,120 mm and 20 r/min respectively.After optimization,the cutter efficiency is increased by 75%,the maximum and average errors of the cutter feeding acceleration are reduced by 26%and 49%respectively,and the maximum and arerage errors of retract acceleration are reduced by 60%and 63%respectively.The corn cake section is neat and beautiful,which verifies the feasibility of the design.

关 键 词：切片机 新型旋转-直线往复机构 运动学分析 多目标优化 

分 类 号：TP23[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TP202[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]