Recent Advances in Deciphering the Mechanisms and Biological Functions of DNA Demethylation  

作　　者：Yang Feng Sheng-Jun Chen Bi-Feng Yuan 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510300 China [2]School of Public Health,Research Center of Public Health,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei,430071 China

出　　处：《Chinese Journal of Chemistry》2024年第6期645-651,共7页中国化学（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22074110);Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110550);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,South China Sea Fisheries Research institute,CAFS(No.2021TS02);Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A04J1337);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(No.2023TD78).

摘　　要：5-Methylcytosine (5mC) is a dynamic and reversible epigenetic modification in genomic DNA of higher eukaryotes.It has been well-established that the demethylation of 5mC occurs through the ten-eleven translocation (TET)-mediated oxidation of 5mC followed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG)-initiated base excision repair (BER).Recent findings also have identified an alternative pathway of DNA demethylation.In this pathway,TET enzymes directly oxidize 5mC to form 5-formylcytosine (5fC) or 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC).These modified bases can undergo direct deformylation or decarboxylation,respectively.Additionally,DNA demethylation can also occur through the deamination of 5mC and 5hmC,resulting in the production of thymine and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU),respectively.Various DNA demethylation pathways possess critical functional implications and roles in biological processes.This Recent Advances article will focus on the studies of mechanisms and biological functions of DNA demethylation,shedding light on the reversible nature of the epigenetic modification of 5mC.

关 键 词：EPIGENETICS DNA DNA methylation 5-Methylcytosine DEMETHYLATION MECHANISMS Biological functions C—C bond cleavage Mass spectrometry 

分 类 号：O6[理学—化学]