知识分类视角下晚清西学汇编中物理知识的表达与认知  

Physics Knowledge and Native Responses in the Compilations of Western Learning in Late Qing Dynasty:From the Perspective of Knowledge Classification

作　　者：杨诗敏 聂馥玲[1] 郭世荣[1] YANG Shi-min;NIE Fu-ling;GUO Shi-rong(Institute for the History of Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Huhhot 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第2期110-116,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“晚清物理学文献整理与研究”(20JZD039)。

摘　　要：如何理解两种文化相遇时“本土”与“域外”之间的知识融通是探讨近代中国西学东渐的重要议题。透过晚清西学汇编对物理知识的本土回应或可发现问题的关键。这些汇编资料再次选择与重述已有西学译书,对传入知识进行二度创造。其中的知识分类呈现出新知与旧识之间的往还,反映出时人对物理知识的认知。西学汇编对传入物理知识再生产的复杂历史情节,显示晚清中国学者对物理学的认识不止由器物上升到学理,还有着以“艺”描述其知识属性,以“测量”“格物”概括其知识领域的尝试。解析西学汇编对物理知识的调适与回应,也是审视晚清物理学本土化的主旨所在。How to understand the integration of the"indigenous"and the"exotic"knowledge is a very important issue in the discussion of the eastern dissemination of western learning.By examining the compilations of western learning on the knowledge of the physical and the native responses,we may discover the key to the question.These compiled materials present a secondary creation of the translated western works and a reclassification of knowledge,showing the back-and-forth flow between new knowledge and traditional knowledge,reflecting the ways of understanding physical knowledge.The complex historical process of the production and reproduction of physical knowledge in western learning compilations reveals that late Qing scholars'understanding of physics was not limited to practical applications but also encompassed theoretical aspects.There were attempts to describe physical knowledge with"art"and to summarize its knowledge domain with terms like"measurement"and"gewu(study deep into the root of matter)".,Analyzing the adaptation and response of physical knowledge in western learning compilations is also the core of examining the localization of late Qing physics.

关 键 词：晚清 西学汇编 知识分类 百科全书 物理学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]