幼儿教师共情能力:内涵、结构与量表编制  

Connotation,Structure and Scale Compilation of Empathy Ability of Preschool Teachers

作　　者：何宇璐 王艳芝[1] HE Yu-lu;WANG Yan-zhi(Department of Preschool Education,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学学前教育系,石家庄050024

出　　处：《黑龙江教师发展学院学报》2024年第5期39-43,共5页Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Teacher Development

基　　金：河北省2022年践行习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想冀青工作调研“河北省学前教育本科师范生教育实习质量及其对从教选择意愿的影响”(1047);河北师范大学2023年大学生课外学术科技创新创业“基于潜在剖面分析的幼儿教师共情能力现状及提升策略”(103)。

摘　　要：幼儿教师的共情能力有助于教师对幼儿的倾听理解与有效支持,使幼儿获得发展适宜性教育,但当前缺乏职业适切性的测量工具。鉴于此,采用质性分析与量化验证结合的方法,首先通过文献搜集梳理与专家咨询分析幼儿教师共情能力的内涵、结构并撰写题项,然后进行两次施测共获得907名幼儿教师的问卷调查数据,统计分析后获得正式量表。研究结果表明,幼儿教师共情能力是一个多维概念,不仅是个体心理特质的反映,更是作为幼儿教师的职业能力体现。各维度及机制表现为:认知共情是先决条件,情绪共情是基础内核,共情性理解是关键桥梁,共情性反馈是终极目的。编制的量表包含4个维度17个题项,测量模型拟合度较好,量表具有良好的信度、聚合效度与区分效度。相较已有量表,此量表围绕师幼互动情景、紧扣幼儿教师职业特征,在幼儿教师群体中更为适用。The empathy ability of preschool teachers is helpful for teachers to listen,understand and effectively support children to enable young children to have access to a developmentally appropriate education,but there is a lack of measurement tools for vocational suitability currently.In view of this,the method of combining qualitative analysis and quantitative verification is adopted.Firstly,the connotation and structure of preschool teachers'empathy ability are analyzed,and the questions are written through literature collection and expert consultation.Then,two questionnaire surveys are conducted,the data of 907 preschool teachers are obtained,and a formal scale is obtained after statistical analysis.The results show that the empathy ability of preschool teachers is a multi-dimensional concept,which is not only a reflection of individual psychological characteristics,but also a reflection of professional ability of preschool teachers.The dimensions and mechanisms are manifested as:cognitive empathy is the prerequisite,emotional empathy is the basic core,empathic understanding is the key bridge,and empathic feedback is the ultimate goal.Based on this,the scale contains 17 questions in 4 dimensions,the fitting degree of measurement model is good,and the scale has good reliability,convergent validity and discriminant validity.Compared with the existing scales,this scale focuses on the interaction between teachers and children,and closely follows the professional characteristics of preschool teachers,which is more applicable to the group of preschool teachers.

关 键 词：幼儿教师 共情能力 内涵 结构 量表编制 

分 类 号：G615[文化科学—学前教育学]