中产阶层家长教育焦虑是如何形成的?——基于8省市初中生家庭教育状况的调查  

How is the Educational Anxiety of Middle-class Parents Formed?An Survey Based on the Status of Junior Middle School Students Family Education in Eight Provinces and Cities

作　　者：骆婧雅 朱新卓[1] Jingya Luo;Xinzhuo Zhu(School of Education,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学教育科学研究院,武汉430074

出　　处：《教育与经济》2024年第2期40-49,共10页Education & Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“新时代我国中产阶层家长的教育焦虑研究”(课题编号:BHA180137)研究成果。

摘　　要：家长教育焦虑已经成为当前的普遍现象,中产阶层家长尤为甚。本文基于2022年在全国8省市开展的初中生家庭教育状况调查,采用有调节的中介模型探究了中产阶层家长教育焦虑的形成机制。研究发现:(1)中产阶层家长普遍存在教育焦虑,整体呈现“高焦虑情绪,低教育参与”的特点。学业和身心健康是家长最为焦虑的内容,学业监管是家长最主要的教育参与行为;(2)家长的教育成层认知正向影响其教育焦虑;(3)教育期望在家长的教育成层认知与教育焦虑之间发挥中介作用,且直接效应远高于间接效应;(4)家长对教育竞争的感知在教育期望与教育焦虑之间起调节作用。可见,在中产阶层家长教育焦虑的形成机制中,家长的教育成层认知是逻辑起点,教育期望是直接原因,教育竞争感知是关键环节。要缓解家长的教育焦虑,应从降低社会分化、完善社会建设;建构低筛选、弱竞争的基础教育结构;弱化文凭的等级性和教育竞争性;引导家长建立合理的教育期望等方面进行系统性改革。Parents'educational anxiety has become a common phenomenon at present,especially among middle-class parents.Based on the survey on the family education status of junior high school students in 8 provinces and cities in China in 2022,this paper uses a moderated mediation model to explore the formation mechanism of middle-class parents'education anxiety.The results show that:(1)middle-class parents generally have educational anxiety,and the overall characteristics of“high anxiety and low educational involvement”are presented.Academic and physical and mental health are the most anxious content of parents,and academic supervision is the most important educational involvement behavior of parents;(2)parents'education stratification cognition positively affects their educational anxiety;(3)the positive impact of parents'education stratification cognition on educational anxiety was mediated by educational expectations,and the direct effect is larger than the indirect effect;(4)the mediating effect of educational expectations was moderated by parents'perception of educational competition.It can be seen that in the formation mechanism of middle-class parents'educational anxiety,parents'education stratification cognition is the logical starting point,educational expectations are the direct cause,and educational competition perception is the key link.Therefore,a systemic reform should be taken to alleviate parents'educational anxiety,including reducing social differentiation and achieving common prosperity;constructing a fundamental education structure with low selection and weak competition.Weakening the hierarchy of diplomas and competition of education;guiding parents to establish reasonable educational expectations and educational needs.

关 键 词：家长教育焦虑 中产阶层家长 家长参与 教育成层 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]