包装顶空气氛和相对湿度对葡萄常温货架期和品质的影响  

Effects of Packaging Headspace Atmosphere and Relative Humidity on Shelf Life and Qualities of Grapes at Room Temperature

作　　者：杜笑然 石志敏 赵立群[3] 钱井 廖大智[1] 李东立[1] DU Xiaoran;SHI Zhimin;ZHAO Liqun;QIAN Jing;LIAO Dazhi;LI Dongli(Beijing Institute of Printing,Beijing 102600,China;Youbao(Beijing)Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102600,China;Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]北京印刷学院,北京102600 [2]优包(北京)科技有限公司,北京102600 [3]北京市农业农村局北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029

出　　处：《保鲜与加工》2024年第5期30-39,共10页Storage and Process

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划(22321201D)。

摘　　要：为分析气调透湿袋和多效抗菌纸对葡萄在常温下的保鲜效果,在室温条件(26℃和相对湿度(RH)70%)下使用PE保鲜袋(PE袋)、自制的透湿性薄膜袋(A袋)以及A袋内加入自制的乙烯吸附复合抗菌纸(A-P)3种被动气调(MA)保鲜方案,并研究包装顶空气氛、顶空相对湿度以及乙烯吸附纸对‘巨峰’葡萄采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:A-P组建立的气调气氛(11.5%CO_(2)、14.5%O2和RH 78%)下‘巨峰’葡萄的果梗褐变率、落粒率和霉变率均最低,可滴定酸含量和可溶性固形物含量水平较高;A袋的顶空气氛(9.17%O2、25.4%CO_(2))抑制葡萄的褐变及霉变较为理想,但是由于相对湿度较高导致落粒;PE袋中较高O2(18.5%)和较低CO_(2)(2.2%),特别是高湿度(RH 99%)环境导致葡萄大量霉变与褐变,货架期仅3 d,裸放的CK组3 d时产生大量褐变,失去商业价值。综上,自制抗菌纸与透湿性薄膜的组合有利于葡萄的常温贮藏,延长货架期。A-P包装为葡萄的常温保鲜提供了新的方案。In order to analyze the effects of air-conditioned moisture permeable bags and multi-functional antimicrobi⁃al paper on the preservation of grapes at room temperature,three passive modified atmosphere(MA)packaging solu⁃tions were used at room temperature(26℃and 70%relative humidity)including PE freshness bags(PE bags),selfmade moisture permeable bags(A bags),and self-made ethylene adsorption composite antimicrobial paper addition to A bags(A-P).Then the effects of headspace atmosphere,headspace relative humidity and ethylene adsorption paper on the postharvest storage qualities of‘Jufeng’grapes were investigated.The results showed that the A-P group pre⁃sented the lowest browning rate of fruit stalks,grain falling rate and mildew rate,and higher titratable acidity and total soluble solid content under the controlled atmosphere(11.5%CO_(2),14.5%O2 and RH 78%).Headspace atmosphere of A bags(9.17%O2,25.4%CO_(2))was ideal to inhibit the browning and mildew of grapes,but high humidity induced that the grain fell.The higher O2(18.5%)and lower CO_(2)(2.2%)contents in PE bags,especially the high humidity(RH 99%)led to large amounts of mildew and browning.The shelf life of PE bags was only 3 days,and the bare CK group also produced a large amount of browning after 3 days,which lost the commercial value.In conclusion,the combina⁃tion of self-made antibacterial paper and moisture permeable film would be beneficial to the storage of grapes at room temperature and prolong the shelf life.A-P packaging could provide a new solution for the room temperature preserva⁃tion of grapes.

关 键 词：葡萄 气调包装 常温保鲜 抗菌包装 乙烯吸收 

分 类 号：S609.3[农业科学—园艺学]