实践取向背景下美国师范生教育实习质量保障机制探究  

A Study on Quality Assurance Mechanism of Student Teachers′Clinical Experience in USA Under the Background of Practice-based Teacher Education Reform

作　　者：陈勇[1] CHEN Yong

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学文学院,四川南充637009

出　　处：《天津市教科院学报》2024年第2期24-34,68,共12页Journal of Tianjin Academy of Educational Science

基　　金：国家社科基金2019年度全国教育科学规划课题“面向卓越中学教师培养的本硕一体化实践教学体系构建与研究”(XIA190297)。

摘　　要：进入21世纪以来,美国大力推进实践取向的教师教育改革,教育实习被置于教师培养的中心,实习质量成为各方关注的焦点。从教师教育机构外部看,不仅联邦和州政府通过行政问责手段对教育实习环节多有干预,而且相关专业机构也从专业维度搭建起了实习质量保障的“支架”;从内部看,各教师教育机构纷纷从指导师资、临床伙伴关系、实习过程、专业支持及实习评价等方面入手,采取有力举措织造实习质量保障的“网络”,如此便形成了多方协同、内外结合的教育实习质量保障机制。美国经验的启示在于:教育实习质量保障是一项系统工程,一方面要注重外部行政保障和专业力量的介入,另一方面更要注重教师教育机构内部保障机制的建构和落实,如此内外结合,才能产生协同效应,夯筑起教育实习质量保障的“堤坝”。Since the beginning of the 21st century,the United States has vigorously promoted practice-based teacher education reform,with clinical experience being placed at the center of teacher preparation and internship quality becoming a focus of attention from all parties involved.From the external perspective of teacher education institutions,not only have the federal government and state government intervened in the internship quality through administrative accountability measures,related professional organizations have also established a"professional scaffold"for internship quality assurance.From an internal perspective,teacher education institutions have taken strong measures from multiple aspects such as mentor teams,clinical partnership relationships,internship processes,professional support,and internship evaluation,to weave a"network"of internship quality assurance.In this way,a multi-party collaborative,internal and external integration mechanism for ensuring the quality of clinical experience has been formed.The lesson from the USA experience is that the quality assurance of educational internships is a systematic project.On the one hand,we should pay attention to the intervention of external administrative guarantee and professional power,on the other hand,we should pay more attention to the construction and implementation of the internal guarantee mechanism of teacher education institutions.Only through such internal and external integration can collaborative effects be generated,and a"dam"be built to ensure the quality of student teachers′clinical experience.

关 键 词：实践取向 美国教师教育 教育实习 质量保障机制 

分 类 号：G659[文化科学—教育学]