《论语》“君子儒”与“小人儒”涵义考辨  

Discussion on the Meaning of“Confucians of High Noble Morality”and“Confucians of Low Estate”in The Analects of Confucius

作　　者：程碧英[1] 熊明川[1] CHENG Biying;XIONG Mingchuan(Sichuan University of Arts and Science,Dazhou,Sichuan,635000)

机构地区：[1]四川文理学院,四川达州635000

出　　处：《成都大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期57-69,共13页Journal of Chengdu University (Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“君子文化融入社会主义核心价值观研究”(项目编号:20XKS018)。

摘　　要：儒家经典《论语》言“儒”,仅见于“女为君子儒,无为小人儒”一章,这很不寻常。学界诠释大多直陈观点而少有理据。要明确“君子儒”“小人儒”词义内涵,考察时代背景尤为重要。分析孔子时代“儒”之卑下地位和柔懦性格,诉诸孔子个人身世抱负及对“新君子”理想人格的塑造,我们认为孔子时代之“儒”都是“小人儒”,即地位低下之儒,“女为君子儒”不过是孔子的期待与自励,希望儒者通过“修德取位”和“以德正位”,成为德位兼具、勇毅刚强的“君子儒”。经孔、孟、荀、董仲舒等历代儒者不断诠释,“君子儒”最终成为两千年来推进政治治理、推动文化发展的中坚。There is a very unusual phenomenon that the discussion of"Confucianism"in the Confucian classic"The Analects of Confucius"is only found in the chapter"To be Confucians of high noble morality,not to be Confucian of low estate".The interpretations in academics are mostly viewpoints and seldom reasons.In order to clarify the meaning of the terms"Confucians of high noble morality"and"Confucians of low estate",it is essential to examine the context of the times.By analyzing the inferior status and cowardly character of Confucianism in the time of Confucius,as well as Confucius'personal ambition and the shaping of the ideal personality of the"new gentleman",we believe that Confucianism in the time of Confucius is"Confucians of low estate",i.e.Confucians of low status."To be Confucians of high noble morality"is just the expectation of Confucius and his own motivation,hoping that Confucians will become“Confucians of high noble morality”with both morality and noble and courageous character by"improving morality to obtain the noble"and"disciplining the noble with morality".Following the continuous interpretation by Confucian scholars such as Confucius,Mencius,Xunzi,Dong Zhongshu and so on,"Confucians of high noble morality"eventually became the backbone of political governance and cultural development over the past 2,000 years.

关 键 词：《论语》 儒 君子儒 小人儒 新君子 

分 类 号：B222.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]