中国传统文化中德法关系的历史逻辑及现代反思  

The Historical Logic and Modern Reflection on the Relationshipbetween Morality and Law in Traditional Chinese Culture

作　　者：魏长领[1] 冯展畅 Wei Changling;Feng Zhanchang(Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学哲学学院,河南郑州450001 [2]郑州大学马克思主义学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期85-92,F0002,共9页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(2019BKS140)。

摘　　要：在中国传统文化发展历程中,道德与法律的关系(简称德法关系)经历了三个阶段:第一阶段是夏商周时期,特别是西周时期,这一时期,德和法统一于“礼”。西周文化就是“礼乐文化”。第二阶段是春秋战国到秦汉,特别是战国时期,“礼崩乐坏”,天下大乱,诸侯争霸,德法之争、王霸之争不仅出现在思想领域,也应用于政治军事实践中。这一时期是德法分离时期。第三阶段孕育于汉朝、魏晋南北朝至明清时期,通过“引礼入法”“阳儒阴法”及儒生涉政后以儒释法等途径,法律道德化、道德法律化,形成了长达一千多年的德法统一的主流文化。中国传统文化中德法关系的合理性包括:其一,“礼法并用”“德主刑辅”维护社会长治久安。其二,“敬德保民”“明德慎罚”体现了中国传统德法文化的人文性质。其三,“子帅以正”“为政以德”的政治道德观,强调从政者的道德素养是政治和法律的基础。中国传统文化中德法关系的历史局限性包括:其一,维护宗法等级制度的礼治(礼德法混合)文化阻碍了“法律面前人人平等”。其二,君权神授、“三纲五常”阻碍了法治的民主化。其三,道德法律化和法律道德化阻碍了法律和法治的独立发展。In the development process of traditional Chinese culture,the relationship between morality and law(referred to as the relationship between morality and law)has gone through three stages:the first stage was the Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties,especially the Western Zhou period,during which morality and law were unified in“ritual”.The culture of the Western Zhou Dynasty is known as the culture of ritual and music.The second period was from the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period to the Qin and Han dynasties,especially during the Warring States period.The“collapse of etiquette and music”led to great chaos in the world,with feudal lords vying for supremacy.The debates between morality and law,as well as between kings and kings,not only appeared in the field of ideology but also in political and military practice.This period was the separation of morality and law.The third stage was nurtured during the Han Dynasty,from the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Through the methods of“introducing rituals into the law”,“taking Legalism in the name of Confucianism”,and Confucian scholars involved in politics and used Confucianism and Buddhism to moralize and legalize morality,a mainstream culture of moral and legal unity that lasted for over a thousand years was formed.The rationality of the relationship between morality and law in traditional Chinese culture includes:firstly,“the combination of etiquette and law”and“morality as the mainstay and punishment as the auxiliary”are used to maintain long-term social stability.Secondly,“respecting morality and protecting the people”and“understanding morality and being cautious in punishment”reflect the humanistic nature of traditional Chinese moral and legal culture.Thirdly,the political and moral values of“the ruler takes the lead in fairness and justice”and“governing with morality”emphasize that the moral literacy of politicians is the foundation of politics and law.The historical limitat

关 键 词：中国传统文化 德法关系 历史逻辑 

分 类 号：B82-051[哲学宗教—伦理学]