印度高等教育保留政策面临的挑战与反思  

Indian Higher Education Reservation Policy:Challenges and Reflections

作　　者：陈斌[1] 曾嘉祺 CHEN Bin;ZENG Jiaqi

机构地区：[1]厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2024年第3期88-98,I0006,I0007,共13页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

摘　　要：印度高等教育保留政策历经两次扩容,在“表列种姓”和“表列部落”基础上,新增“其他落后群体”和“经济弱势群体”。印度高等教育保留政策并未有效改善种姓制度的根本问题,也未能促进高等教育公平。不同落后群体之间分化明显,但不断攀升的入学率和增长率掩盖了阶层分化,引发一系列负面效应。印度种姓制度根深蒂固,惯性极强,对印度现代高等教育发展和政策走向产生深远影响。为促进高等教育公平发展,印度高等教育保留政策亟须深化公平内涵,破除种姓壁垒,精准识别目标群体,调整政策导向,使之更好地服务于印度社会发展。Indian Reservation Policy in higher education has undergone two expansions recently.In addition to“Scheduled Castes”and“Scheduled Tribes”,it has also added“Other Backward Classes”and“Economically Weaker Sections”.However,the effectiveness of this policy in improving the enrollment opportunities for disadvantaged groups in higher education has sparked intense debate.This policy has not effectively addressed the fundamental issues of the caste system and has not promoted fairness in higher education.There is a noticeable differentiation among different disadvantaged groups,but the continuously rising enrollment and growth rates have masked class differentiation,triggering a series of negative effects.India’s deeply entrenched caste system has a strong influence on the development of modern higher education and policy direction in India.Therefore,to promote fair development in higher education,India’s higher education reservation policy needs to deepen its concept of fairness,effectively break down caste barriers,accurately identify target groups,and change its policy orientation to better serve the overall interests of Indian society.

关 键 词：印度高等教育 教育公平 高校招生 教育政策 

分 类 号：G649.351[文化科学—高等教育学]