从“弱者”走向主体——我国儿童福利制度中的儿童形象及其嬗变  

From the“Weak”to the Subject-The Image of Children in Chinese Child Welfare System and Evolution

作　　者：孙爱琴[1] 周园 SUN Ai-qin;ZHOU Yuan(School of Education,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,Gansu,730070,PRC)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学教育科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《当代教育与文化》2024年第3期87-94,105,共9页Contemporary Education and Culture

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金青年课题“西北农村幼儿园教育质量保障研究”(17YJC880092)。

摘　　要：儿童福利制度的变迁直接影响儿童的福利处境。新时代,我国儿童福利逐渐走向普惠和高质量发展的道路。以福利制度中的儿童形象为参照,我国的儿童福利制度逐渐从“无”儿童、救济为主,逐步发展到“救济—发展”共有,直至以发展为主。表现在儿童的价值逐渐从工具性走向本体性,儿童从福利对象走向福利的主体,从消极、等待的被救者走向积极、能动的自救者,儿童-成人的关系从二元对立走向互动的共谋福利者。这是儿童逐渐从“弱者”走向主体存在的发展历程,是对儿童力量的逐步确认与保障,也是儿童认识上的巨大发展和进步。Changes in the child welfare system directly affect the welfare situation of children.In the new era,Chinese child welfare is gradually moving towards universal benefit and high-quality development.Taking the image of children in the welfare system as a reference,Chinese child welfare system has gradually evolved from“no”children、relief-oriented,to“relief-development”in total,until development-oriented.This is reflected in the gradual shift in the value of the child from instrumentality to ontology,the child from welfare object to welfare subject,the child from passive,waiting rescuer to active,dynamic self-rescuers,and the child-adult relationship from dichotomy to interactive co-worker.This is a developmental process of children gradually moving from“weak”to subjective existence,a gradual confirmation and guarantee of children's power,and a tremendous development and progress in children's understanding.

关 键 词：儿童福利制度 儿童 儿童观 童年社会学 

分 类 号：G52[文化科学—教育学] G61[文化科学—教育技术学]