教师专业性的理论审视及其育人导向  

The Theoretical Examination of Teachers'Professionalism and Its Educational Orientation

作　　者：周兴国[1] ZHOU Xingguo(School of Education Science,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu,Anhui,China,241000)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学教育科学学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《教育文化论坛》2024年第3期11-20,共10页Tribune of Education Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重点课题“省域优质均衡发展的基本公共教育服务体系构建研究”(AFA220019)。

摘　　要：师范教育分科教师培养模式,以及随着专业化发展而确立的教师资格、教师聘任、教师职务等制度安排,隐含着一种学科导向的教师专业性之理解。小学全科教师之培养及资格之认定,引发关于教师专业性的问题,即什么才是教师专业性的质的规定性?学科导向的教师专业性带来了诸如突出教师的教书职责而忽略育人使命、学校教育难以发挥社会发展所赋予的新职能、教师的过度专业化以及学校难以协同育人等问题。教育的本质规定、教师的职责与使命以及为师之根本都表明:育人性乃是教师专业性的质的规定。因此,不仅要在理论上确立以育人为导向的教师专业性理解,更要在实践中突出育人导向的教师专业性之塑造,在师范教育中加强普通教育、教育情怀培养、育人能力提升。此外,育人导向的教师专业性之塑造,还需要变革学科导向专业性的制度安排,以制度激励实现选师、用师、评师上的育人导向。The subject-based training mode of teacher education as well as the institutional arrangements such as teacher qualifications,appointments and positions established with the development of specialization,imply a subject-oriented understanding of teacher professionalism.The training and qualification of primary school generalist teachers have raised the question about the qualitative definition of teachers'professionalism.The subject-oriented approach to teacher professionalism has led to issues such as an overemphasis on teaching responsibilities while neglecting the nurturing mission,schools struggling to fulfill new societal functions,teachers becoming excessively specialized,and schools facing challenges in coordinating education efforts.The essence of education,the responsibilities and missions of teachers,and the fundamental nature of being a teacher all indicate that nurturing is the defining quality of teacher professionalism.Therefore,it is necessary to not only establish a theoretical understanding of teacher professionalism with an emphasis on education-oriented perspectives but also emphasize the cultivation of education-oriented teacher professionalism in practice.This can be achieved by strengthening general education,fostering educational empathy,and enhancing the ability to nurture students in teacher education programs.Furthermore,shaping education-oriented teacher professionalism requires a transformation of the institutional arrangements that prioritize subject-oriented professionalism.Institutional incentives should be aligned to promote an education-oriented approach in the selection,employment,and evaluation of teachers.

关 键 词：教师专业性 学科导向 育人导向 师范教育 全科培养 全科教师 分科培养 

分 类 号：G451.6[文化科学—教育学]