不同鞋底厚度的运动鞋对高中生步态参数和爆发力的影响  

Gait parameters and explosive power of sports shoes with different sole thickness of high school students

作　　者：常先坤 张建新 CHANG Xiankun;ZHANG Jianxin(Department of Physical Education,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,201620 Shanghai,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学体育教学部,上海201620

出　　处：《应用力学学报》2024年第3期719-728,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(No.16BTY068)。

摘　　要：目的 对比受试者在平地常速行走过程中,不同鞋底厚度的运动鞋对高中生的步态参数产生的影响,受试者穿着不同鞋底厚度的运动鞋进行训练,探究鞋底厚度对高中生下肢爆发力的影响。方法 以24名在校的男性高中生为研究对象,随机分成4组,穿着鞋底厚度为0、1、2、3 cm的运动鞋在平地上行走并测试步态参数,穿着上述4种不同鞋底厚度的运动鞋经过为期8周的体育专项课训练后测试立定跳远和下蹲跳的动力学指标,并对步态参数和下蹲跳的动力学指标采用单因素方差分析进行统计分析。结果 运动鞋鞋底厚度在1~3 cm区内受试者的步态周期更大,步长、步周长、步速和步频均小于穿着鞋底厚度0 cm的运动鞋的受试者,鞋底厚度0 cm组的步速和步频均最快分别为(1.42±0.08) m/s、(1.75±0.03) m, 3 cm鞋底的运动鞋的步速和步频均最慢分别为(1.13±0.02) m/s、(1.49±0.04) m,过8周训练后,穿3 cm厚度的运动鞋实验后对立定跳远成绩的增幅达到0.14 m,增幅最大,下蹲跳的动力学指标的提升效果显著高于鞋底厚度0 cm组。结论 运动员穿着平底运动鞋在平地行走时更为稳定,能够降低运动中的风险,穿着厚底运动鞋在训练过程中激活了更多的肌肉纤维,对提升运动员下肢爆发力的效果更为显著,穿着鞋底厚度0 cm的运动鞋对运动员的提升效果无明显优势。Objective To compare the influence of sports shoes with different sole thickness on the gait parameters of high school students during the course of subjects walking at constant speed on the flat ground,the subjects wore sports shoes with different sole thickness for training,so as to explore the influence of sole thickness on the explosive power of high school students'lower limbs.Methods A total of 24 male high school students were randomly divided into four groups.They wore sports shoes with sole thickness of 0 cm,1 cm,2 cm and 3 cm to walk on the flat ground and their gait parameters were tested.After eight weeks of sports training,the dynamic indexes of standing long jump and squat jump were tested by wearing sports shoes with different sole thickness.The gait parameters and squat jump dynamics indexes were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Results The gait period of the subjects with the thickness of the sole of the sneakers within 1~3 cm was longer,and the step length,step circumference,step speed and step frequency were all smaller than those wearing the sneakers with the thickness of the sole 0 cm.The fastest step speed and step frequency in the 0 cm group were(1.42±0.08)m/s and(1.75±0.03)m,respectively.The slowest stride speed and stride frequency of sneakers with 3 cm soles were(1.13±0.02)m/s and(1.49±0.04)m,respectively.After eight weeks of training,the performance of standing long jump increased by 0.14 m after wearing sneakers with 3 cm thickness.The improvement effect of squat jumping dynamic index was significantly higher than that of 0 cm sole thickness group.Conclusion Athletes wearing flat sports shoes walk more stably when walking on the flat,which can reduce the risk in exercise.Wearing thick soled sports shoes activates more muscle fibers during training,and has a more significant effect in improving the explosive power of athletes'lower limbs.Wearing sports shoes with sole thickness of 0 cm has no obvious advantage on the improvement effect of athletes.

关 键 词：鞋底厚度 运动能力 运动学 立定跳远 下蹲跳 爆发力 

分 类 号：G804.63[文化科学—运动人体科学]