Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies  

作　　者：Dian Jiao Lai Xu Zhen Gu Hua Yan Dingding Shen Xiaosong Gu 

机构地区：[1]Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine,Tianjin University,Tianjin,China [2]Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China [3]Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,Nantong,Jiangsu Province,China

出　　处：《Neural Regeneration Research》2025年第4期917-935,共19页中国神经再生研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32130060(to XG).

摘　　要：Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological disorder.Studies regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of epilepsy.The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota composition.Satisfactory results are lacking for conventional treatments for epilepsy.Surgical resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with epilepsy.Non-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research focus.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of epilepsy.It also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.Numerous studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures.Additionally,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being explored.However,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关 键 词：DIAGNOSIS drug treatment ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY epilepsy monitoring EPILEPSY nerve regeneration NEUROSTIMULATION non-drug interventions PATHOGENESIS prediction 

分 类 号：R742.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]