高速列车转向架区域气动发声尺度特征研究  

Scale study on aeroacoustic characteristics of high-speed train bogie region

作　　者：卢鑫源 刘翰林 杨志刚[1,2,3] 吕镇东[1,2,3] 袁思齐 LU Xinyuan;LIU Hanlin;YANG Zhigang;LÜZhendong;YUAN Siqi(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track,Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technologies for Rail Traffic Safety,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期1734-1744,共11页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(P2019J008);中南大学研究生科研创新项目(2022XQLH177)。

摘　　要：基于大涡模拟(LES)和声学有限元法,在400 km/h车速条件下,对1:8缩比尺度简化转向架模型进行数值模拟研究,并仿真对比同一模型在1:4、1:8、1:16和1:25缩比下的流场扰动特征及气动发声特征。研究结果表明:转向架区域内前缘剪切流与转向架本体以及转向架舱之间的耦合作用明显,可见L1和L2两种典型的循环反馈扰动模式;转向架本体结构间也存在次一级扰动,这些扰动增强了剪切流动的不稳定性;这些扰动循环反馈模式即为该区域气动发声的主要模式。尺度变化较显著改变了转向架区域的流场扰动特征,尤其是L2反馈模式;随着尺度减小,表面脉动压力及声源能量向高频迁移,声源能量先减小后增大(变化范围在2 dB内),且构架和后轮对的声源能量占比有所增加;在缩比为1:4、1:8、1:16和1:25时,频率修正后的标准点平均声压级分别为105.5、103.9、104.3、105.1 dB(A)(变化范围在1.6 dB内)。对于全尺寸模型,这种差距将进一步扩大。The 1꞉8 scaled simplified bogie model at train speed of 400 km/h was simulated employing large eddy simulation(LES)and finite element acoustics.The flow disturbance characteristics and aerodynamic sound characteristics of the same model at 1꞉4,1꞉8,1꞉16 and 1꞉25 scale were simulated and compared.The results show that there is a pronounced coupling effect between the leading shear flow within the bogie region and the bogie structure and cavity,revealing two distinctive cyclic feedback disturbance modes denoted as L1 and L2.Additionally,secondary disturbances among the bogie structure are observed,intensifying the instability of the shear flow and serving as the primary modes of aerodynamic sound in the region.The simulations at 1꞉4,1꞉8,1꞉16 and 1꞉25 scale sizes reveal significant alterations in flow disturbance characteristics,especially in the L2 feedback mode,as the scale varies.With the decrease of scale,fluctuations in surface pressure and acoustic source energy shift towards higher frequencies.The source energy exhibited an initial decrease followed by an increase,within a range of 2 dB.Furthermore,the proportion of source energy originating from the structure and rear wheel pair increases.When the scale ratio are 1꞉4,1꞉8,1꞉16,and 1꞉25,the frequency-corrected standard point average sound pressure levels are recorded as 105.5,103.9,104.3,and 105.1 dB(A),respectively,presenting a range of 1.6 dB.Anticipatedly,this discrepancy is expected to be amplified for a full-scale model.

关 键 词：高速列车 转向架 尺度效应 气动噪声 大涡模拟 声学有限元 

分 类 号：U292.91[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]