“大道之行”与原初秩序经验:《礼运》“大同”新解  

"The Operation of the Great Dao"and the Experience of the Original Order:

作　　者：陈赟[1,2] CHEN Yun

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所 [2]浙江大学马一浮书院

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第5期21-38,共18页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“精神突破视阈中的《齐物论》秩序哲学研究”(项目编号:23AZX009);江苏省公民道德与社会风尚协同中心和智库建设项目的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：对《礼运》“大同”的通行理解是将其视为秩序历史的某个特定阶段,或者某种具体的秩序形态。“大同”被视为终极完美的秩序,在古代的历史性体制下,被措置于过去,在现代历史性体制下,则被安放于未来。就思想的深层逻辑而言,两种历史性体制下的“大同”理解,都将《礼运》中与“大同”关联的“大道”误为“至道”,这就导致礼的克服与大同的回归,被误认为《礼运》的归趣,从而与《礼运》的整体思想结构存在着相当的距离。基于《礼运》文本的整体思想脉络,可知“大同”乃是原初秩序经验,而对此原初秩序经验的理解不能离开“大道之行”与“大道之隐”的张力性结构。然而,这一张力性结构在以往的《礼运》研究与“大同”探究中,似乎始终处在被遗忘的状态。The common understanding of the concept of"Datong"(大同)in Liyun is a specific stage in the history of order,or a specific ideal-type of order."Datong"is regarded as the ultimate perfect order.Under the ancient regime of historicity,"Datong"was placed in the past,but under the modern regime of historicity,it was placed in the future.In terms of the deep logic of thought,the understanding of"Datong"under the two regimes of historicity both mistook the Great Dao(大道)which was associated with"Datong"in Liyun as the Ultimate Dao(至道).This orientation of understanding has led to the overcoming of rituals and the return of"Datong",and has been mistaken for the purpose of Liyun,which is quite far from the overall ideological structure of Liyun.This orientation has led to the following misunderstanding:the overcoming of rituals and the return of"Datong"is the purpose of Liyun;however,there is a considerable distance between this understanding and the overall ideological structure of Liyun.Based on the overall ideological context of the text of Liyun,we try to give a new explanation of"Datong",that is"Datong"is the experience of the original order,and its understanding cannot be separated from the tension structure between"the movement of the Great Dao"and"the absence of the Great Dao".However,this tension structure seems to have always been forgotten in previous studies of Liyun.

关 键 词：大同 大道 原初秩序经验 《礼运》 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]