王阳明心学的澄明、贯通与夯实——论薛侃在学术上对王阳明心学的独特贡献  

Clarification,Integration and Consolidation of WANG Yangming's Heart-Mind Theory——On XUE Kan's Unique Academic Contributions to WANG Yangming's Thought

作　　者：李承贵[1] LI Chenggui

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,南京210023

出　　处：《华南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期178-189,208,共13页Journal of South China Normal University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学基金重大课题(孔学堂)“王阳明心态思想研究”(18GZGX04)。

摘　　要：薛侃是王阳明的大弟子,但学界较少关注薛侃在学术上对王阳明心学的贡献。基于对薛侃相关文献的考察和分析可知,薛侃在学术上对阳明心学作出了独特贡献。首先表现在继承王阳明心学的基本观念上,如在良知即先天判断、“万物一体”基础的论证等方面;其次表现在对王阳明心学的某些核心观念的分辨和明晰上,如在“良知作为主人翁的资格”、“知行合一”的两种形式、“万物一体”的关怀与境界旨趣等方面;再次表现在创造性地发展、夯实阳明心学的内涵上,如对“致良知”的“致”之思想意识层面的强调、对“知行合一”之本体性论证、对“见在”即本体与工夫的统一之界定等方面;最后表现在对王阳明心学四大基本观念的贯通上,如以“见在”为枢纽,对“心即理”“知行合一”“致良知”“万物一体”四个基本观念进行贯通,言简意丰地阐述了四者复杂而有机的关系,认为“心”或良知是“万物一体”之基础,“万物一体”也是“心即理”“致良知”“知行合一”的基础,而做到了“心即理”“致良知”“知行合一”,也就实现了“万物一体”,从而将王阳明心学体系脉络更为深刻、更为生动地呈现出来。薛侃在学术上对王阳明心学所作出的贡献是值得肯定的。As a prominent disciple of WANG Yangming,the academic contributions of XUE Kan to WANG Yangming's Heart-Mind Theory have received relatively little attention.This paper,based on an examination and analysis of relevant literature on XUE Kan,argues that XUE Kan has made his unique contributions to Yangming's Heart-Mind Theory.Firstly,this is evident in his inheritance of the fundamental concepts of WANG Yangming's Heart-Mind Theory,such as the notion of liangzhi(innate knowledge) as an innate judgment and the foundational arguments for the philosophical view of wanwuyiti(all in one).Secondly,it is manifested in his differentiation and clarification of some of WANG Yangming's core concepts,such as " the qualifications of liangzhi as the master," the two forms of zhixingheyi(the unity of knowledge and action),and the concerns and philosop hical realm of wanwuyiti.Thirdly,his contributions are reflected in the creative development and consolidation of the content of Yangming's Heart-Mind Theory,such as emphasizing the ideological aspect of zhi(extending) in zhiliangzhi(extending innate knowledge),providing ontological arguments for zhixingheyi,and defining jianzai(present conscience) as the unity of ontology and cultivation.Fourthly,his contributions are manifested in the integration of the four fundamental concepts of WANG Yangming's Heart-Mind Theory,using jianzai as a pivot to interconnect xinjili(mind is reason),zhixingheyi,zhiliangzhi and wanwuyiti.He succinctly expounded their complex and organic relationships,positing that xin(the mind) or liangzhi is the foundation of wanwuyiti,which in turn underlies xinjili,zhiliangzhi,and zhixingheyi.Achieving xinjili,zhiliangzhi,and zhixingheyi thus realizes wanwuyiti,thereby presenting WANG Yangming's Heart-Mind Theory in a more profound and vivid manner.Thus,it is evident that XUE Kan's academic contributions to WANG Yangming's Heart-Mind Theory are indeed worthy of recognition.

关 键 词：薛侃 王阳明心学 澄明 贯通 夯实 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]