萌发对富硒西瓜子理化特性的影响  

Effect of Germination on Physicochemical Properties of Selenium-Enriched Watermelon Seeds

作　　者：周小龙 曹杨 梁勇 慎珠江 陈帅 梁慧欣 王月慧[1,3,4] ZHOU Xiaolong;CAO Yang;LIANG Yong;SHEN Zhujiang;CHEN Shuai;LIANG Huixin;WANG Yuehui(College of Modern Industry of Selenium Science and Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan 430023,China;College of Food Science and Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan 430023,China;Key Laboratory of Bulk Grain and Oil Deep Processing,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430023,China;National Selenium-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology Research and Development Center,Wuhan 430023,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉轻工大学硒科学与工程现代产业学院,湖北武汉430023 [2]武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430023 [3]教育部大宗粮油精深加工重点实验室,湖北武汉430023 [4]国家富硒农产品加工技术研发专业中心,湖北武汉430023

出　　处：《食品科技》2024年第4期9-15,共7页Food Science and Technology

基　　金：湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2023BGE247)。

摘　　要：硒是人体生理活动过程中重要的微量元素,分为有机硒和无机硒,其中有机硒具有食用范围广、易吸收、生物利用率高、无毒等特点。通常利用种子萌发能将无机硒转化为有机硒的特性开发富有机硒产品,为探究萌发对富硒西瓜子理化特性的影响,使用不同浓度的亚硒酸钠(0、2、4、6、8、10 mg/L)对西瓜子进行浸种处理。测定了浸种处理后西瓜子萌发率、生长指数、总硒、有机硒含量的变化趋势,对水中钙、锌离子的吸收情况的影响以及蛋白质和氨基酸的变化情况。结果显示:在6 mg/L亚硒酸钠浓度浸种条件下,西瓜子的萌发率和生长指数最高,萌发过程中西瓜子仁蛋白质含量情况出现先增高后降低的趋势。未萌发前,瓜子仁总硒含量为(0.1167±0.0042)mg/kg,有机硒含量为(0.0412±0.0051)mg/kg,有机硒占比约为35.30%。在6 mg/L亚硒酸钠浸泡后,瓜子仁中总硒含量为(0.6493±0.0233)mg/kg,有机硒含量为(0.5567±0.0135)mg/kg,有机硒占比约为85.73%。检出的16种氨基酸中,除了苏氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸及亮氨酸富硒前含量大于富硒后,其余氨基酸含量均有显著升高。经过浸种后,西瓜子对水中锌离子的吸收有促进作用,对钙离子的吸收有抑制作用。Selenium is an important trace element in human physiological activities,which can be divided into organic selenium and inorganic selenium.Among them,organic selenium has the characteristics of wide edible range,easy absorption,high bioavailability,and non-toxicity.Usually,the germination of seeds can transform inorganic selenium into organic selenium,and develop products rich in organic selenium.In order to explore the effect of germination on the physicochemical properties of selenium-enriched watermelon seeds,watermelon seeds were soaked with different concentrations of sodium selenite(0,2,4,6,8,10 mg/L).The germination rate,growth index,total selenium,organic selenium content,the effect on the absorption of calcium and zinc ions in water,and the changes of protein and amino acids were determined after soaking treatment.The results showed that under the soaking of 6 mg/L sodium selenite,the germination rate and growth index of watermelon seeds were the highest,and the protein content of watermelon seed kernels showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing during the germination process.Before germination,the total selenium content of the seed kernels was(0.1167±0.0042)mg/kg,the organic selenium content was(0.0412±0.0051)mg/kg,and the proportion of organic selenium was about 35.30%.After soaking with 6 mg/L sodium selenite,the total selenium content in the seed kernels increased to(0.6493±0.0233)mg/kg,the organic selenium content increased to(0.5567±0.0135)mg/kg,and the proportion of organic selenium increased to about 85.73%.Among the 16 amino acids detected,except for threonine,valine,tyrosine and leucine,whose content decreased after selenium enrichment,the content of the rest of the amino acids increased significantly.After soaking with selenium,watermelon seeds had a promoting effect on the absorption of zinc ions in water,and an inhibiting effect on the absorption of calcium ions.

关 键 词：浸种富硒 硒含量 蛋白质 氨基酸 锌 钙 

分 类 号：TS201.2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]